| Question |
Answer |
| Small arteries |
arterioles |
| Small veins |
Venules |
| White blood cells typicall leave circulation to enter tissues at _____ |
postcapillary venule |
| ______ are the smallest vessels. They consist of a single layer of _______ cells and their ________. |
Capillaries, endothelial cells, basal lamina |
| Specialized ______ fibers synchronize the contraction of the heart to make contractions more efficient. |
cardiac muscle |
| Electrical impulses are initiated at the ______ node, or the pacemaker |
sinoatrial (SA) |
| Impulses spread through the atria to the _______ node |
atrioventricular (AV) |
| The impulse is transmitted to the ventricles by the ______ |
bundle of His |
| Bundle of His divides into ____ and ____ bundle branches |
right, left |
| Further branching into subendothelial branches is known as ______ |
Purkinje fibers |
| Composed of endothelial cells, basal lamina and subendothelium connective tissue layer. |
Tunica intima |
| Composed of circumferentially arranged smooth muscle |
Tunica media |
| Outermost connective tissue layer, composed mostly of collagenous tissue and a few elastic fibers |
Tunica adventitia |
| Small blood vessels that nourish the tunica media are called ______. Is in this tunic layer in large vessels: _______ |
vasa vasorum, tunica adventitia |
| A network of autonomic nerves found in tunica adventitia that controls the contraction of smooth muscle |
nervi vascularis |
| Elastic arteries have multiple sheets of ____. They function primarily as _____. |
elastic layers, conduction tubes |
| Largest elastic arteries: |
Aorta, Pulmonary artery, Main branches of aorta (brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, common iliac arteries) |
| In Tunica Intima layer, Weibel-Palade bodies contain _____ |
von Willebrand factor (coagulating factor VII) |
| Most von Willebrand factor is synthesized by __________. |
arterial endothelial cells. |
| Endothelial cells maintain nonthrombogenic barrier between platelets and sebendothelial tissue by producing ______ and ________ |
anticoagulants (thrombomodulin), and antithrombogenic sustances (prostacyclin and tissue plasminogen activator) |
| Damage to endothelial cells causes them to releast prothombogenic agents such as ________ and _______ |
von Willebrand factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor |
| Endothelial cells modulate blood flow and vascular resistance by secreting ______ and _____. |
Vasoconstrictors (endothelin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, {ACE}), Vasodilators (endothelial-derived relaxation factor {EDRF/NO}, prostacyclin) |
| Foam cells are derived from _____ and _____ |
macrophages and smooth muscle |
| Muscular arteries (also known as _____ arteries). It has more ____ and less ____ in the tunica media than elastic arteries. |
medium artery, smooth muscle, elastin |
| In muscular artery, the tunica media is composed almost entirely of ______ |
smooth muscle |
| Muscular arteries have a prominent ______ |
internal elastic membrane |
| Continuous capillaries are found in: ____, ____, and ____ |
muscle, lung, and CNS |
| ______ junctions, a type of tight junctions, seal continuous capillaries together |
occluding |
| Relatively unspecialized cells derived from the same precursor cell that gives rise to endothelial cells |
Pericytes |
| Fenestrated capillaries are found in: _____, _____, and ______ |
endocrine glands, intestinal tract, and gallbladder |
| Discontinuous capillaries are found in: _____, _____, _____ |
liver, spleen, and bone marrow |
| Discontinuous capillaries are also called ______ or _____ |
sinusoidal capillaries or sinusoids |
| __________ of metarterioles control blood flow into the capillary bed |
Precapillary sphincters |
| Large veins have a thick tunica ______, and a thin tunica _____ |
adventitia, media |
| Venous channels in the cranial cavity are lined with _______ cells and are called ______ |
endothelial, venous or dural sinuses |
| The two largest lymph vessels are the ____ and ____ |
thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct |
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