| Question |
Answer |
| 4 cells types found in bone |
Ostoecytes, Osteoblast, osteoclast, osteoprogenerators |
| What is primary bone |
immature bone. Collagen runs in random directions, low mineral count, and uneven stain |
| What is Secondary bone |
mature bone. Deeply acidiphilic, organized, and resembles a "bulls-eye" |
| 2 types of secondary bone |
Compact and spongy |
| Describe the composition of spongy bone |
made up of spicles and traneculae. |
| What ability does spongy bone have and what gives it this ability |
Ability to handle change and/or adjust to external stress. Trabeculae gives it this ability |
| What is the periosteum |
noncalcified covering of the outside of the bone |
| What are Sharpeys fibers and where are they found |
These hold the periosteum to the bone. Found in the periosteum |
| Is the periosteum vascular |
YES |
| What are the two parts of the periosteum |
OUter fibrous layer and inner osteogenic layer |
| What is the endosteum |
bone's cell lining that covers all of the interior surfaces of the bone |
| What does the endosteum NOT include |
osteocytes |
| Describe the structure of an osteon |
Haversian system surrounded by matirx in a circumfrential pattern. |
| What interconnects the various osteons in bone |
Volkmans canal |
| What makes up the organic matrix called osteoid |
ground substance is proteoglycans and glycoproteins. GAG's. Osteonectin and osteocalcin |
| What causes osteoid to be mineralized |
deposition of crystals of hydroxapatite |
| Which type of ossification occurs in most bones |
Endochondral |
| Which type of ossification uses a cartilage model |
Endochondral |
| Which type of ossificatin makes frontal and parietal bones |
Intramembranous |
| Which type of ossification uses condensed mesenchyme to differentiate into osteoblast |
Intramembranous |
| In which type of ossification does primary immature bone turn to secondary bone by use of osteoclast |
Intramembranous |
| Where does bone remodeling take place |
at the BMU's (Bone remodeling units) |
| How does bone remodeling work |
Osteoblast recieve a signal and then signal to the osteoclast to start working |
| What function does bone remodeling serve |
retains shape, size, architecture and repairs minor stress fractures |
| What is osteomalacia |
a calcium or vitamin D deficency in adults. Characterized by decalcification of bones |
| What is osteoporosis |
decrease in bone mass and quantity associated with a normal ratio of mineral to matirx. Caused by decreased formation and increase reabsorbtion. |
| What can cause osteoporosis |
lack of physycial stress, less GH, in women less estrogen |
| Osteochondrodysplasia |
extreme bending of long bones |
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