A&P lab.1&2
| Description: | A&P lab 1&2 |
| Category: | Biology |
| Created by: | walterina4327 on 2008-09-01 |
| Question | Answer |
| Anatomical position (4) | Person standing erect;face directed forward,upperlimbs hanging to the side and palms of hand facing forward |
| supine | Lying face upward |
| Prone | lying fact downward |
| "Up" in anatomy | superior |
| "down" in anatomy | inferior |
| "front" | anterior |
| "back" | posterior |
| In humans, superior (or up) is synonymous with | cephalic (which means toward the head) |
| In humans, inferior (or down) is synonymous with | caudal (which means toward the tail) |
| Terms cephalic and caudal are used to describe movements on the ____ but not directional movements of the _______ | trunk - but not limbs |
| Anterior means | that which goes before |
| ventral means | belly |
| Anterior and ventral | Anterior surface is belly surface which "goes before" when we walk |
| Posterior and dorsal | Posterior means "that which follows" and dorsal means "back" |
| Posterior and dorsal both have | "O" in the first sylable |
| Proximal | nearest the trunk or point of origin "proximus" nearest |
| distal | means distant L. "di" plus "sto" to stand apart or to be distant |
| medial | means toward the midline |
| proximal- as description | closer to point of attachment |
| distal ex. | fingertip is distal to elbow |
| Superficial (in anatomy) | refers to structure close to surface of the body - ex.skin is superficial to muscle |
| Central region of body (3) | head, neck & trunk |
| Trunk (3) | thorax (chest) abdomen (region between thorax & pelvis) & pelvis (inferior end of trunk associated with pelvis) |
| Sagittal | sagittal L."flight of the arrow" body would be split by an arrow passing anteriorly to posteriorly |
| Median plane (sagittal plane) | passes through midline of body & divides it into equal right & left halves. |
| Transverse or horizontal plane | runs parallel to ground & divides body into superior and inferior portions |
| Frontal or coronal plane | Runs vertically from right to left and divides body into anterior and posterior parts |
| Longitudinal section | Organs are sectioned to reveal internal structure |
| Cross or transverse section of organ | RIGHT ANGLE cut to the long axis of an organ |
| Oblique section of organ | Any cut other than a right angle cut across the long axis |
| Body cavities | a hollow space L. a hole |
| Thoracic cavity | Lungs, esophagus, trachea, blood vessesl, thymus, heart |
| Mediastinum | contains the heart, thymus gland, trachea esophagus & blood vessels & nerves |
| mediatinum divides the | thoracic cavity |
| the lungs are part of the | thoracic cavity |
| abdominal cavity | contains stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas and kidneys |
| Pelvic cavity | urinary bladder, part of the large intestine and internal reproductive organs |
| Are abdonimal and pelvic cavities separated like the thoracic cavity? | No, they are sometimes called the abdominopelvic cavity |
| Quadrants | Regions of abdomen - Upper right, upper left, lower right, lower left |
| Regions of abdomen | Tic-tac-toe planes |
| Where is appendix located? | right-lower quadrant - pain is usually felt there |
| Regions (9) | epigastric, right and left hypochondriac, umbilical, righ and left lumbar, hypogastric, and right and left iliac |
| diaphragm | musculomembranous partition between the abdominal and thoracic cavities |
| parietal serous membrane | OUTER balloon wall |
| Visceral serous membrane | inner balloon wall |
| peritoneum | the serous membrane, consisting of mesothelium and connecting tissue, that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the viscera contained therein; it forms two sacs a. the peritoneal (or greater) sac and the epiploic foramen. |
| peritoneum means | L. "to stretch over" |
| pleura | prefix meaning rib - side |
| pericardium | around the heart-heart |
| eleven organ systems | integumentary, skeletal, muscular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, nervous, endocrine, cardiobascular, urinary, female & male |
| Nine - top layer-Gastric/hypochondriac - | Epigastric (remember stomach w/gastric juices is high) right & left hypochondriac region |
| Nine abdominal regions - middle-what's in the middle of your abdomen? | Umbilical region - Right & left LUMBAR region |
| Nine abdominal regions-Lower Abdomen - | hypogastric region - right & left iLiAc (lower abdomen) |
| Peritoneal cavity | the abdominopelvic cavity contains a serous membrane |
| Dorsal body cavity - organs | spine - spinal chord-nerves, blood vessels |
| anterior body cavities VENTRAL body cavities | thoracic cavity-heart, lungs, thymus, esophagus & trachea |
| mediastinum | In middle of thoracic cavity - heart - separates lungs |
| diaphragm | separates thorcic cavity from abdomina-pelvic |
| retro-peritoneal | behind serous membrane in peritoneal cavity |
| retro-pertioneal (3 organs) | kidneys, urinary bladders, adrenal glands (sit atop kidneys) pancreas |
| abdominopelvic | spleen, kidneys, digestive organs, liver, bladder, reproductive organs |
| cytoplasmic inclusions (includes what???) | Glycogen-storage components for cell - |
| How do you use microscope? ("O's" for "lows") | Stage in lowest position-lowest objective in place - covered with projector |
| Lowest lens power(red) | 4 plus Ocular lens 10 = 40 |
| Medium lens power (yellow) - including ocular | 10 x 10 (ocular)= 100 |
| High - blue band | 40 x 10 (ocular) = 400 |
| cytoskeleton | proteins - support cell wall |
| plasma membrane | phospholipid bilayer-cholesterol |
| cytoplasm - cytosol | contains fluid-cytoskeleton- microtubules-hollow cylinders which support flagellum, movement |
| in membrane - where are HEADS pointing-what do they love??? | POLAR HEADS LOVE WATER |
| In membrane, where are TAILS - what do they HATE? | Tails hate water (hydrophobic) tails line up & tickle each other |
| Nucleus | membrane bound structure - contains genetic material |
| nuclear envelope | Double membrane (like a folded envelope) has nuclear pores |
| What structure is continuous with the nuclear envelope??? | the endoplasmic reticulum |
| Endoplasmic reticulum contains what (think long words...long spaces) | Ribosomal RNA along walls |
| ROUGH endoplasmic reticulum | protein synthesis |
| SMOOTH endoplasmic reticulum | manufactures lipids & carbohydrates; stores calcium |
| golgi apparatus | modification & packaging of proteins produced in ER |
| Lysosome | digestive enzymes |
| peroxisome | lipid & amino acid degradation - breaks down Hydrogen peroxide |
| lyse | to break up- to disintegrate |
| mitochondria | ATP production - own DNA-through mother |
| chondrio | cartilage or cartilaginous-or; granular or gritty substance [Gr. groats, grit, gristle] |
| nucleolus | dense body contains ribosomal RNA & proteins-for cell reproduction |
| proteosome | tube-like protein complexes in cytoplasm-break down unwanted proteins |
| centrioles (like TUBES) | near nucleus, move to ends of cells & organize spindle fibers |
| glycoproteins in phospholipid bilayer | recognize other proteins |
| pelvic cavity | contains reproductive organs & organs of elimination |
| abdominal cavity | contains digestive organs, kidneys, stomach, digestion |
| ventral cavity | hollow portion from neck to pelvis |
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FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE *8* movement responsivness metabolizing excreation maintaining boundries digestion reproduction growth SURVIVAL NEEDS *4* water nutrients oxygen temprature regulation DORSAL CAVITY- ORGANS IN THE BACK SIDE OF BODY. DIVIDED INTO SPINAL CAVITY AND CRANIAL CAVITY spinal cord brain VENTRAL CAVITY- ORGANS IN THE FRONT SIDE OF BODY. DIVIDED INTO THE THORASIC CAVITY, ABDOMINAL CAVITY AND ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY. heart lungs trachea thymus bronchi hl tt beds *8* esophagus diaphragm stomach pancreas spleen small intestine PLUS cecum rectum anus mesentary *15* adrenal glands large intestin liver ureter kidney scram all u kid u inferior vena cava decending aorta urinary bladder TOTAL *23* |
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