| Question |
Answer |
| what is neurulation? |
formation of the neural tube |
| what does the neural tube form? |
CNS |
| the notochord causes the overlying ectoderm to differentiate into what structure? |
the neural plate |
| the neural plate forms from what tissue? |
neuroectoderm |
| the neural folds depress to form what? |
neural groove |
| the neural groove inverts and fuses to form? |
neural tube |
| the openings persisting before the final closure are called what? |
cranial and caudal neuropores |
| once closure is complete, what phase is completed? |
neurulation |
| the posterior of the neural tube forms what? |
spinal cord |
| the broad anterior portion of neural tube forms what? |
brain vesicles |
| lateral borders of the neural folds are called what? |
neural crests |
| after closure, the neural crest cells dissociate into what? what tissue are these cells derived from? |
mesenchymal cells; ectodermal |
| what are loosely woven, embryonic stem cells derived from the germ layer? |
mesenchyme |
| 3 layers that the mesoderm differentiate into are? |
the paraxial, intermediate, and lateral mesoderm |
| which portion of the mesoderm differentiates into the urogenital system? |
intermediate |
| what develops in lateral mesoderm by coalescence of spaces? |
coelom |
| somatic mesoderm and ectoderm are called what? |
somatopleure |
| splanchnic mesoderm and endoderm are called what? |
splanchnopleure |
| the early embryonic coelom is open to what? |
chorionic cavity |
| the paraxial mesoderm segments into what? |
somitomeres |
| in anterior region, the somitomere forms near the neuromere and forms what? |
head mesenchyme |
| somitomeres in what regions become somites? |
medial and posterior |
| the somites differentiate into what 3 layers? |
sclerotomes, dermotomes, myotomes |
| what forms the bone and cartilage of vertebrae? |
sclerotomes |
| gut formation is what kind of process? |
passive |
| what structure connects the gut to the body and is the stalk of the yolk sac? |
viteline duct |
| the anterior end of the foregut that is anchored by the precordial plate is called what? |
the buccopharyngeal membrane |
| posterior of hindgut is anchored by what? |
the cloacal membrane |
| mesenchymal cells that form blood differentiate into what? |
angioblasts |
| cytotrophoblast cells that become organized into columns, extending into the syncytiotrophoblast (forming a major portion of the placenta) are called what? |
chorionic villi |
| cytotrophoblast cells surrounded by the synctiotrophoblast, these are the progenitors of all chorionic villi: |
primary villi |
| these structures are formed when extraembryonic mesoderm penetrates, producing mesodermal cores: |
secondary villi |
| villi that extend through the syntiotrophoblast are called what? |
stem villi |
| the maternal component of the placenta in endometrium is what? |
decidua |
| what is the name for hemolytic disease of the newborn? |
erythroblastosis fetalis |
| what is the most common Rh-antigen producing isoimmunization? |
D |
| what tissue generates the central and peripheral nervous systems, sensory epithelia of ears, nose and eyes, epidermis including hair and nails, subcutaneous and mammary glands, pituitary gland and teeth enamel? |
ectoderm |
| the lateral edges of the neural plate elevate to form what structures? |
neural folds |
| the cranial and caudal neuropores are open to what cavity? |
amniotic |
| what cells are stem cells for numerous structures (ganglia and cranial nerves, schwann cells, melanocytes, adrenal medulla, craniofacial bones, connective tissues and conotruncal heart cushions)? |
neural crest cells |
| what tissue produces muscle, connective tissue, cartilage and bone, blood and blood vessels, kidneys, spleen, gonads and suprarenal cortex? |
mesoderm |
| the somatopleure will develop into what structures? |
the lateral and ventral walls of the body cavity |
| In the cervical and thoracic regions the intermediate mesoderm produces segmental clusters known as what? |
nephrotomes |
| the somites' ventral and medial walls lose cohesion, producing mesenchymal cells that surround the notochord. These cell clusters are known as what? |
sclerotomes |
| after the ventral and medial walls of the somite lose cohesion, the remaining dorsal walls are called what? |
dermomyotomes |
| what "tomes" differentiate into the muscles attached to each vertebra? |
myotomes |
| what "tomes" produce the underlying dermis of the skin? |
dermatomes |
| what tissue produces the digestive tract, as well as epithelia and stromata for numerous other organ structures? |
endoderm |
| the embryonic circulatory system runs through which structures? |
embryonic mesoderm, including the heart tube, splanchnic extraembryonic mesoderm, somatic extraembryonic mesoderm and connecting stalk |
| when embryonic blood vessels develop in the cores, what villi are created? |
tertiary villi |
| Cytotrophoblast cells spread out between the syncytiotrophoblast and endometrium to form an epithelium known as what? |
outer cytotrophoblast shell |
| The lacunar network of the decidua expands and coalesces into what spaces between the villi? |
intervillous spaces |
mr. charles11
