| Question |
Answer |
| fertilization takes place in what timeframe? |
12-24 after ejaculation |
| what is the average time it takes for the ovum to reach the uterus? |
3-4 days |
| what is the time it takes for the sperm to reach the egg in the fallopian tube? |
30 minutes to 6 days |
| what is the phase when spermatozoa are transported up the womb for fertilization and are prepared for removal of their glycoprotein coat by plasma membranes? |
capacitation |
| where do sperm usually meet the ovum in the fallopian tube? |
the ampulla |
| what are the 3 barriers to polyspermy? |
the corona radiata, the zona pellucida, and the zona reaction |
| the corona radiata will bar sperm which have not been through what phase? |
capacitation |
| the reaction of sperm to the zona pellucida layer is called what? |
acrosome reaction |
| when sperm touch the ovum's plasma membrane, what 2 events occur? |
the cortical reaction first, then the zona reaction |
| when a sperm enters the egg, what does it become? |
male pronucleus |
| a fertilized egg is called a what? |
zygote |
| cells of the early embryo are called what? |
blastomeres |
| after the first cleavage, what is the embryo called? |
2-cell embryo |
| after the second cleavage, what is the embryo called? |
4-cell embryo |
| after the third cleavage, what is the embryo called? |
8-cell morula |
| at the 8-cell morula stage, what event occurs? |
compaction |
| during compaction, what cells are segregated? |
inner and outer cells are segregated |
| what is the fate of the inner and outer cells that are segregated during compaction? |
they become the inner and outer cell mass |
| what is the 16-cell embryo called? |
16-cell morula |
| intercellular spaces between the blastomeres coalesce to form what structure? |
blastocele |
| upon formation of the blastocele, the embryo is called what? |
blastocyst |
| the blastocyst outer layer is called what? |
trophoblast |
| the blastocyst inner layer is called what? |
embryoblast |
| to assist with implantation, the trophoblast secretes proteolytic enzymes that are induced by what? |
uterine mucosa |
| the blastocyst hatches from what structure? |
zona pellucida |
| what is the most common site of incorrect implantation? |
the ampulla |
| most ectopic pregnancies result in fetal death when? |
2nd month |
| injection of what can terminate an ectopic pregnancy? |
methotrexate |
| implantation at the uterine internal os is called what? |
placenta previa |
| what is the most common site for abdominal preganancy? |
rectouterine cavity (douglas' pouch) |
| what are 2 infertilization methods? |
in vitro and intracytoplasmic injection |
| which method of artificial infertilization harvests secondary oocytes and fertilizes them with dilute sperm? |
in vitro |
| which method of artificial infertilization injects a single sperm into an egg? |
intracytoplasmic injection |
| after 4 cycles, primary follicles will respond to what hormone? |
FSH |
| at the start of the follicular stage, GnRH from the hypothalamus induces the pituitary gland to secrete what hormone? |
FSH |
| primary follicles' theca interna secrete what hormone? why? |
estrogen, induces spongy and compact uterine endometrium to contract |
| after the follicular cycle, what period of the menstrual cycle occurs? |
secretory or progestational phase |
| what hormone induces the secretory or progestational phase? |
LH |
| after ovulation, Graafian follicles become what? |
corpus luteum |
| corpus leuteum become what when they start producing so much progesterone that they become yellow? |
lutean cells |
| if the ovum is not fertilized in 9 days, what happens to the corpus luteum? |
it becomes the corpus albicans |
| if fertilization occurs, the trophoblast secretes what hormone? what does this hormone do? |
HcG, induces the corpus luteum to grow into the corpus leuteum graviditatis |
| increased risk of placental abruption occurs when? |
when progesterone production shifts from the corpus luteum to the placenta in the 4th month |
| upon fertilization, the secondary oocyte is released from what meiotic stage? |
metaphase II |
| after the secondary oocyte is released to complete metaphase II, what is segregated from the zygote? |
second polar body |
| the inner and outer cell masses will become what structures? |
inner will become the fetus, outer will become the chorion and placenta |
| Clusters of primordial follicles become prepared to enter the menstrual cycle when? |
when they differentiate into primary follicles |
| gnrh comes from what gland? |
hypothalamus |
| fsh comes from what gland? |
pituitary |
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