| Question |
Answer |
| the size of sperm is sloughed off during which phase? |
spermiogenesis |
| gonad precursors are what structures? |
germinal ridges |
| before puberty, testicular sex cords develop lumens to become? |
seminiferous tubules |
| at puberty, primordial germ cells in males become what? |
spermatogonia |
| what is the function for sertoli cells? |
provide support and nutrition to sperm cells |
| how do spermatogonia divide? |
incomplete cytokenesis via mitosis |
| how do spermatogonia differentiate into primary spermatocytes? |
meiosis |
| what event causes primary spermatocytes to become secondary spermatocytes? |
the first meiotic division |
| how long is the prophase of primary spermatocytes? |
22 days |
| after the second meiotic division, secondary spermatocytes are called what? |
spermatids |
| what occurs during spermiogenesis? |
spermatazoa maturation (spermatids become spermatazoa) |
| cytoplasmic remains from spermiogenesis are called what? |
residual bodies |
| how long does spermatogenesis take? |
64 days |
| female primordial germ cells become what? |
oogonia |
| how do oogonia proliferate? |
mitosis |
| primary oocytes enter what phase and stay there? |
meiotic prophase I |
| after meiotic prophase I, and with the addition of follicle cells (stroma cells), oocytes are called what? |
primordial follicles |
| By the end of the 3rd month of gestation, oogonia become arranged into clusters surrounded by what? |
follicular cells |
| how many primordial follicles are left by puberty? |
about 400,000 |
| how many primordial follicles ever ovulate? |
about 500 |
| the menstrual cycle causes what hormone to activate? |
FSH |
| how many primordial follicles are induced to maturation each cycle? |
5-15 |
| what are corpus atreticum? |
masses of atresia cells |
| how are spermatozoa pushed towards the epididymis? |
contractile elements of the wall of the seminiferous tubules |
| once primordial follicles become primary follicles, the squamous follicular cells become what? |
granulosa cells |
| granulosa cells are what kind of tissue? |
stratified epithelium |
| what is the glycoprotein layer secreted by the oocyte and the granulosa cells? |
zona pellucida |
| what term is used to describe the irritation that occurs from the release of fluid and blood from the ovulation point into the pelvic peritoneum? |
middle pain ("mittelscherz") |
| what is the name of the stroma cells that surround the granulosa epithelium? |
theca folliculi |
| the theca folliculi differentiate into what layers and for what purpose? |
theca interna and externa; externa are connective, interna secrete estrogen |
| what develops that differentiates primary and secondary follicles? |
antrum (fluid-filled space) |
| what are the granulosa cells of the secondary follicle that remain around the oocyte? |
cumulus oophorus |
| a full-sized follicle is called a what? |
Graafian follicle |
| after a follicle reaches its full size, what cycle resumes? |
meiosis I |
| unequal cytokinesis of a primary oocyte will form a what? |
polar body |
| after the formation of a polar body, the secondary oocyte continues meiosis to what stage? |
metaphase II |
| after ovulation, the cumulus oophorus becomes what? |
corona radiata |
| the remains of a follicle form what structure? |
corpus leuteum |
| the corpus leuteum secretes what hormone? |
progesterone |
| if the egg is not fertilized, the corpus leuteum become what? |
corpus albicans |
| how are spermatogonia connected? |
cytoplasmic bridges |
| at what point does the primary oocyte become a secondary oocyte? |
formation of polar body |
| when does ovulation occur in the cell cycle? |
after cell reaches metaphase II |
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