Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
micro test #4
immunity trevors section
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is active immunity | produced by own immune mechanism upon exposure to the antigen. the host produces own immune response. takes time to develop. long term, maybe lifetime because immune memory results. |
| what is passive immunity | recieving preformed antibodies from outside of the body, provides instant immunity, and is short term only because no immune memory develops. |
| what is natural active aquired immunity | from a natural exposure to an antigen. could be the result of having the disease or from an asymptomatic (subclinical) infection by the pathogen. |
| what is artificial active acquired immunity | from antigen in a vaccine (a preparation of one or more antigens administered to confer active acquired immunity). the goal is to develop immunity without having to experience the disease |
| what is natural passive immunity | antibodies passing the placenta, and antibodies in colostrum and breast milk |
| what is artificial passive immunity | injection of antibodies, appropriate when instant immunity is required, usually blood derived; contains high concentration of antibodies to a certain disease. products called immune globulins, gamma globulins, antiserums, antivenoms, and antitoxins |
| what is herd immunity | presence of immunity in most of the population that minimizes the spread of outbreaks of disease; about 80% population must have immunity for protection to be conferred to all |
| what are the types of AG used in vaccines | living relative of a pathogen; cowpox virus as a vaccine for small pox. whole killed (inactivated) pathogen. whole live modified (attenuated) pathogen; weakened pathogen. parts of pathogens (subunit, acellular, recombinant, and nucleic acid vaccines.) |
| 1. cutaneous skin tests | concept- involves injection of antigen under skin. positive results- looking for induration or wheal as the response |
| 2. precipitation (precipitin ring test) | concept-know antibodies used to detect the presence of soluable antigen in test tube or agar plate. positve result- cloudy percipitate or color indicating a reaction |
| 3. agglutination | concept- fixed amount of known particulate antigen is added to patient serum sample and presence of antibodies against that known antigen are detected. positive result- visible aggregates |
| 4. complement fixation | concept- to test patient serum for certain antibodies, first add antigen and complement to serum, then add sheep RBCs and complement fixing anti RBC antibodies. |
| cont. complement fixation | positive results- if serum contains antibodies, the complement will be used up and is not available to lyse the sheep RBCs (if serum does not contain antibodies, the complement will not have been used up and is available to lyse the sheep RBCs) |
| 5. fluorescence test (direct or indirect) | concept- fluorescent marker dye is bound to antibodies; these are added to clinical specimen and observed under a special microscope. positve result- fluorescent yellow green glow concentrated in areas where antigen is present |
| 6. enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA (direct or indirect) | concept- to detect antibody, first, known antigen is bound to plastic microtiter plate and serum is added; then enzyme linked antibodies and substrate are added. positive result- enzyme and substrate reaction causes a color change (if antibodies present) |
| 7. radioimmunoassay | concept- like ELISA but uses radioactive tag instead of an enzyme. positive results- measurable radioactivity |
| what are the types of AG used in vaccines cont. | conjugated vaccines; antigens that normally stimulate a poor immune response are combuned with highly antigenic antigens |
Created by:
lisaanne11