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Chapter 20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Results of Pullman Strike | Federal workers join in |
| term used to describe a small business where children were employed under poor conditions, long hours, and low pay | sweatshops |
| what started the system of standardized time | railroads |
| why was the steel industry so important to economic growth | to build railroads |
| why did workers start the Railroad Strike of 1877 | 10% paycut |
| how did the Haymarked Affair affect the labor movement | no one wanted to hire Union workers |
| What did Rockefeller establish to control the oil industry? | monopoly |
| Why did Pullman workers go on strike? | pay cut and keeping rent the same |
| How did Carnegie gain control of the steel industry? | bought all pieces of the steel industry |
| Accomplishments of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) | hours, conditions, wages |
| HOw did the transcontinental railroad impact Native Americans | had to give up land and they took land |
| Consequences of standardized time | everyone set their own time set by railroads |
| Facts about the labor struggle | violence used federal troops/shorter hours/better pay |
| What did the Railroad, Pullman, and Steel strikes have in common? | paycuts |
| Why did Cleveland use federal troops to end the Pullman Strike | rail traffic in much of the country came to a halt |
| Why did railroads cut wages | Because they wanted to keep their profits high/there was a serious economic depression=millions of workers took pay cuts and about one fifth lost their jobs |
| How did railroads change where Americans lived | Linked the economies of West and East/Helped people settle the West/Weakened the Native American hold on the West/Gave people more control of the enviornment |
| What inventions encouraged the growth of industry? | Telephone, switchboard, typewriter(opened up jobs for women), and the sewing machine |
| Main economic activity of the South | They remained agricultural although there was SOME steel production and cotton mills |
| Why was the late 1800's called the Gilded Age | Because for the rich, the late 1800's was a time of fabulous wealth and a "gild"=to coat an object with gold leaf/disquised issues with poor |
| How do monopolies hurt consumers | as "monopoly" knocks out the competators, it can easily set its price as high as they want. |
| How was the Kingts of Labor different from other unions | allowed women and after 1878 allowed African American workers to join their Union |
| What are the advantages of a corporation? | by selling stock they can earn large amounts of money, it has a special legal status and continues to exist after its founders die=banks are likely to lend a corporation money, and it limits the risks to its investors-do not have to pay off debts |
| What did business leaders who feared union power say about the labor movement? | They blamed the labor movement on socialists and anarchists (Socialists=share work and profits/anarchists=want to abolish all governments) |
| Facts about working conditions | Workers were forced to buy their own tools(so business owners could keep profits high, bring coal to heat the factories, refused to buy safety equiptment, factories crowded. |
| Why was the Bessemer steel process important? | Because it cut the cost of steel=increased the nations steel output by 500 times, and industry began to make many products out of steel instead of iron, the main use of steel was for the expanding of railroads |
| Why were industrialists called "Captains of Industry"? | Because they controlled industries |
| How did employers fight labor unions? | locked out people who went on strike and they hired strike-breakers(scabs) to replace them/got the police to arrest hundreds of union workers |
| What factors were necessary for America's rapid industrialization? | Plentiful natural resources, growing population,improved transporation, high immigration, new inventions, investment capital, and government assistance. |
| What companies were responsible for building the first transcontinental railroad? | The Central Pacific and the Union Pacific |
| Who were the workers on the first transcontinental railroad? | Chinese workers |
| Who was the leader of the AFL? | Samuel Gompers |
| Who was the leader of the Pullman Strike? | The Pullman workers |
| What is a "boom and bust" cycle? | Bust's are bad times in business and industries whereas booms=people buy more and some invest in business |
Created by:
lexgenushistory