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Chemical Control
Chemical Control Method II-Test #3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is meant by the term selective toxicity? | A drug must be more toxic to the pathogen than to the host. |
| How is selective toxicity achieved? | The drug affects the pathogens physiology that is not part of the hosts physiology. |
| Which is safer, a drug with a high or low therapeutic index? | High index |
| What is drug spectrum? | The range that the organism is affected by the drug. |
| What are broad spectrum drugs? | Antibacterial drugs that affect both Gram + and - organisms. |
| What are narrow spctrum drugs? | Antibacterial drugs affecting only 1 type of organism. |
| Define drug synergism | combined effect of 2 drugs used simultaneously is greater than the sum of their indvidual affects. |
| Define drug antagonism | Combined efect of 2 drugs used simultaneously is less than the sum of their individual effects. |
| What is drug resistance? | Where the pathogen is no longer affected by the drug |
| How does it develop? | Mutation, selection, inheritance |
| How can drug resistance be delayed? | Avoid unnecessary and inappropriate drugs, follow full precription treatment, when using long trem rotate or combine drugs |
| What is MRSA? | Methicillin resistant S. aureus |
| Is MRSA easy to detect in the lab or not? | Detection in a lab can be difficult due to the presence of 2 subpopulations (one susceptible and the other resistant) that may co-exist within a culture of staphylococci. |
| What is suseptibility testing? | It is a test to determine which drugs might controlan infection |
| Describe Kirby Bauer and E tests as examples of difusion methods | Kirby Bauer test, E test, Broth dilution test |
| Explain MIC and MBC | Minimal inhibitory concentration- Minimum bacteriocidal concentration |
| How are they determined? | They are determined by broth dilution testing |
| Explain sulfinamide action as an example of synthetic antibacterial drug | Sulfinamides competitively inhibit PABA's to convert folic acid |
| Explain penicillin action as an example of an antibacterial drug | Blocks cell wall synthesis and only works during cell division |
| What is penicillinase? | It is an enzyme that destroys the structure of penicillin molecule |
| Explain the action of penicillinase | A type of beta-lactamase. It is an enzyme that destroys the structure of the penicillin molecule (found in penicillin resistant pathogens). Destroys the beta-lactum ring. |
| Can antibacterial drugs be used for fungal infections?Why or why not? | Fungi are usually not affected by anthibacterial agents because they are eukaryotes. |
| Do Anti-fungal drugs have more of fewer side effects than antibacterial drugs? why or why not | fungi, being eukaryotic, like humans, make it difficult to control them without side effects. Anti-fungal drugs usually have more side effects because it is difficult to find the appropriate toxicity of the drugs for human use |
| What are the 4 targets of antiviral drugs? | Entry targets, targets of nucleic acid synthesis, protein process targets, and release targets |
| Explain how acyclovir and protease inhibitors work as antiviarl drugs | Acyclovir targets nucleic acid synthesis. It can mimic portions of nucleotides. Protease is a protein processing targets. Proteases enzyme inhibitors mimic substrates of viral protease to prevent complete processing of viral proteins |
| Would you use the same drugs to treat flat and round worms infections, why or why not? | No b/c each diff. worm has different characteristics to it.Some drugs inhibit ATP production.Some drugs will alter the permeability of the worms plasma membrane.A drug used for roundworms will actually paralyze the worm which is useful to a motile worm |
Created by:
lisaanne11