What is the structure of an enzyme?

The structure can have one or two parts: apoenzyme & coenzyme (or cofactor); both parts together=holoenzyme(whole)

Always present, have highly specific protein part, different for every kind of enzymes (all enzymes have it)

Part of most enzymes, needed to activate the epoenzyme, not specific, same one can activate many different enzymes; coenzymes (organic)-often a vitamin, cofactor (inorganic)-a mineral

What is the function of an enzyme?

To speed up reactions by bringing specific substances into proper orientation (position) so the reaction can take place rapidly; lower energy of activation of a reaction

The substance upon which an enzyme reacts

What the substrate is changed into (as a result of the enzyme-facilitated reaction)

What factors influence enzyme function?

Temperature, pH, concentration of the substrate, enzyme inhibitors ( competitive inhibitors & noncompetitive)

Competitive Inhibitors

Directly bind to the active site of the enzyme, preventing the substrate from entering and being converted to product (reaction stops)

Noncompetitive Inhibitors

Bind to another site of the enzyme, causing a change in the shape at the active site, into which the substrate can no longer fit (reaction stops)

Name used if that second part is an organic molecule (often a vitamin)

Name used if that second part is an inorganic molecule (a mineral)

What is a holoenzyme?

Both parts (apoenzyme & coenzyme/cofactor) together;whole

A class of enzymes that is released to the external of the cell and wok outside (ex. digestive enzymes and enzymes of virulence)

A class of enzymes that remains inside of the cell and work internally (ex. enzymes of cellular metabolism)

Constituitive Enzymes

A class of enzymes that is always present, necessary for life; quantity independent of amount of substrate (ex metabolic enzymes)

A class of enzymes that is produced only as needed (when substrates are present) providing efficiency and adaptability; quantity of enzymes is dependent on the mount of substrate (ex induced enzymes)

What is the process by which macromolecules are broken down into smaller molecules?

Hydrolysis; digestion is always hydrolysis; General Formula: A-B + H-OH →A-OH + H-B (adding H20 to break apart)

Describe how an enzyme works.

An enzyme works as a catalyst to speed up a reaction that would otherwise take too long or never happen at all. The enzyme will attach to a substrate and form an enzyme substrate complex which then produce a product at the completion of the enzyme reactio

Help

Options

focusNode

Didn't know it?
click below

Knew it?
click below

Don't Know

Remaining cards (0)

Know

retry

shuffle

restart

0:00

Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

Normal Size Small Size show me how

Enzymes

Enzymes Test #2

Question	Answer
What is the structure of an enzyme?	The structure can have one or two parts: apoenzyme & coenzyme (or cofactor); both parts together=holoenzyme(whole)
Apoenzyme	Always present, have highly specific protein part, different for every kind of enzymes (all enzymes have it)
Coenzyme or Cofactor	Part of most enzymes, needed to activate the epoenzyme, not specific, same one can activate many different enzymes; coenzymes (organic)-often a vitamin, cofactor (inorganic)-a mineral
What is the function of an enzyme?	To speed up reactions by bringing specific substances into proper orientation (position) so the reaction can take place rapidly; lower energy of activation of a reaction
What is a substrate?	The substance upon which an enzyme reacts
What is a product?	What the substrate is changed into (as a result of the enzyme-facilitated reaction)
What factors influence enzyme function?	Temperature, pH, concentration of the substrate, enzyme inhibitors ( competitive inhibitors & noncompetitive)
Competitive Inhibitors	Directly bind to the active site of the enzyme, preventing the substrate from entering and being converted to product (reaction stops)
Noncompetitive Inhibitors	Bind to another site of the enzyme, causing a change in the shape at the active site, into which the substrate can no longer fit (reaction stops)
What is a coenzyme?	Name used if that second part is an organic molecule (often a vitamin)
What is a cofactor?	Name used if that second part is an inorganic molecule (a mineral)
What is a holoenzyme?	Both parts (apoenzyme & coenzyme/cofactor) together;whole
Exoenzymes	A class of enzymes that is released to the external of the cell and wok outside (ex. digestive enzymes and enzymes of virulence)
Endoenzymes	A class of enzymes that remains inside of the cell and work internally (ex. enzymes of cellular metabolism)
Constituitive Enzymes	A class of enzymes that is always present, necessary for life; quantity independent of amount of substrate (ex metabolic enzymes)
Induced Enzymes	A class of enzymes that is produced only as needed (when substrates are present) providing efficiency and adaptability; quantity of enzymes is dependent on the mount of substrate (ex induced enzymes)
What is the process by which macromolecules are broken down into smaller molecules?	Hydrolysis; digestion is always hydrolysis; General Formula: A-B + H-OH →A-OH + H-B (adding H20 to break apart)
Describe how an enzyme works.	An enzyme works as a catalyst to speed up a reaction that would otherwise take too long or never happen at all. The enzyme will attach to a substrate and form an enzyme substrate complex which then produce a product at the completion of the enzyme reactio

Created by: lisaanne11

"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries: