| Flap 1 | Flap 2 |
| Unit cell | the smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains a geometric shape of the crystal |
| Crystal | a substance in which atoms ions, or molecules are arranged in an orderly repeating 3 dimensional pattern called a crystal lattice |
| Allotropes | one of two or more different molecular forms of an element in the same physical state;oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3) are allotropes of the element oxygen |
| Amorphus solid | a term used to describe a solid that lacks an ordered internal structure; denotes a random arrangement of atoms |
| Boyles Law | the volume of gas varies inversely with pressure P1V1=P2V2 |
| Charles Law | volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature if the pressure is kept constant. V1 V2/T1 T2 |
| Dalton’s Law | total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of all the gases is the sum of the partial pressures of al the gases present PT=P1+P2+P3+… |
| Graham’s Law | rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass |
| Gay-Lussac’s Law | the pressure and Kelvin temperature of a gas are directly proportional at constant volume P1/T1=P2T2 |
| Atomic Orbitals | a region in space around the nucleus of an atom where there is a high probability of finding an electron |
| Aufban Principle | electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first |
| Hund’s rule | when electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each orbial until all orbitals contain one electron with their spins parallel |
| Ground state | the lowest energy level occupied by an electron when an atom is in its most stable energy state |
| Atomic emission spectrum | the pattern of frequencies obtained by passing light emitted by atoms of an element in the gaseous state through a prism; the emission spectrum of each element is unique to that element. |
| Frequency | the number of wave cycles that pass a given point per unit of time; there is an inverse relationship between the frequency and wavelength of a wave. |
| Wavelengths | a distance between two adjacent crests of a wave |
| Photons | a quantum of light; a discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy that behaves as a particle |
| Quantum | the amount of energy needed to move an electron from its present energy level to the next higher one |
| Kinetic theory | a theory explaining the states of matter, based on the concept that the particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion |
| All 4 quantum | (blank) |
| PV=nRT | (blank) |
| Electron configuration | the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of an atom in its ground state |
| Combined gas laws | a relationship describing the behavior of gases that combines boyle’s law, charles law, and gay lussac’s law |
| q=Cm delta T | (blank) |
| molar heat of fusion | delta fusion=number of mols. Delta H/ |
| Delta H | (blank) |
