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Bacteria/Atypical ba

Test #1

QuestionAnswer
What are general characteristics of bacteria? Small, cell walls of peptidoglycan, single-celled,auto/heterotrophic.
What are colonies? Clusters of millions of bacteria growing on a solid surface.
Common bacterial shapes. Circle (Cocci) - Rods(Bacilli) - Spiral(Spirilla)
What is a bacterial capsule? Firmly attached glycocalx.
What is the structure of a bacterial capsule? Polysaccharide
What is the function of the bacterial capsule? Protection from drying. Protection from chemicals. Protection from host body's defenses. Attachment to host cells.
What is a flagella? Long whip-like structures used for motility like a propeller.
Flagella on one end are called... polar flagella
Flagella on both ends are called.. bipolar flagella
Flagella all around (the perimeter) are called... peritrichous flagella
Flagella that have one at each end are called... amphitrichous flagella
Flagella that are several at one end are called... lophotrichous
What are axial filaments? A structure used for motility, found under the outer sheath membrane of spirochetes; move in a drilling motion.
What are fimbrae? Short, hair-like, external projections with sticky molecules on the end for attachment.
What is a sex pilus? Hollow tube used by bacteria to exchange genetic material.
What is the function of a cell wall? Forms the shape of the cell and it functions to protect from wear and tear; maintains structural integrity.
What is the strcture of a Gram Positive bacterial wall? One thick layer of peptidoglycan (sugars and amino acids bonded together into a giant molecule); also, teichoic acid on top of the plasma membrane.
What is the structure of a Gram Negative bacterial wall? Plasma membrane; thin layer of peptidoglycan; thick outerlayer of mostly lipid and some protein.
What is the structure of a plasma membrane? Ultra-thin layer of lipids and proteins and traces of carbs.
What is the function of a plasma membrane? It controls movement of materials in and out of the cell.
Describe the nature of genetic material of bacteria. A single loop of double-stranded DNA that is attached to the plasma membrane.
What are plasmids? Smal extrachromosomal loops of DNA that replicate independently; can carry genes for drug resistance or virulence factors.
What are endospores? Survival forms of some bacteria produced from within the cell; usually in response to adverse envisonmental conditions.
What are two genera that form endospores? Bacillus spp. and Clostridium sp.
What are the general characteristics of fungus-like bacteria? Gram positive bacilli that form fungus-like filaments; may produce fungus-like spores.
What are general caracteristics of acid-fast bacteria? Gram positive bacilli with wax within their cell walls.
What are 2 examples of acid-fast bacteria species? Nocardia spp. and Mycobacterium spp.
What are the general characteristics of mycoplasmas? Smallest known cell, lacks cell walls, are pleomorphic (variable shape due to no cell wall), and grow on media with a "fried egg" appearance.
What are the general characteristics of Chlamydias? Submicroscopic bacteria with oval cell walls, obligate intracellular parasites, and has 2 forms of life cycles.
What are the two forms of Chlamydia life cycles? Elementary body and Reticulate body.
What are the characteristics of a chlamydia elementary body? 0.3 micrometers, rigid cell wall, can survive for a short period of time outside of host cell, infectious form.
What is a reticulate body life cycle of a Chlamydia? 0.5 - 1.0 micrometers, fragile cell wall, cannot survive outside of host cell, not infectious, adapted for growth.
What are the general characteristics of Rickettsias? Tiny, oval, rod shaped bacteria, obligate intracelluar parasites, and most have arthropod vectors.
Created by: lisaanne11
 

 



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