| Question |
Answer |
| identify where fat-soluble vitamins are excreted |
they are not excreted they are stored in lipids of the cells |
| what does excess levels of vitamin D cause |
can cause hypercalcaemia thus allowing possible toxic effects and muscle weakness or pain in soft tissues and joints. in sereve cases convulsions may be possible death |
| what does vitamin K do to the blood |
plays a role in coagulation |
| what age group is at high risk for vitamin B deficiency |
includes older adults |
| what does pyridoxine do |
it functions in the metabolism or carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in a diet. can increase metabolism |
| scurvy is the result of what vitamin deficiency |
vitamin C |
| what are the main antioxidant vitamins |
vitamins A C E |
| identify the fat soluble vitamins |
vitamins A D E K |
| identify the primary function of vitamin A |
visual pigment for the rods in the retina of the eye. protects against cancer in the skin and other epithelial cell types. fight and destroy bacteria, viral, n parasitic infections. soaks up free radicals that could harm cells |
| identify what happens when there is a vitamin D deficiency |
can cause bone weakness and deformitites (rickets) in children, and adults can get osteomalacia |
| identify the vitamin that is essential for normal metabolism and protection of the skin, eyes, tissues, and muscles |
vitamin E |
| which vitamin enables proper cellular functioning of the body |
B vitamins |
| which vitamin is used in tissue respiration and metabolism but when taken orally can reduce LCL |
vitamin B3 -nicotinic acid |
| which vitamin is responsible for the formation of the connective tissue that is formed in bones, teeth, and gums |
vitamin C |
| ascorbic acid (water or fat) |
water |
| retinol (water or fat) |
fat |
| ergocalciferol (water or fat) |
fat |
| folic acid (water or fat) |
water |
| alpha-tocopherol (water or fat) |
fat |
| phytonadione (water or fat) |
fat |
| riboflavin (water or fat) |
water |
| nicotinic acid (deficiency disorders) |
pellagra |
| cyanocobalamin (deficiency disorders) |
pernicious anemia |
| thiamine (deficiency disorders) |
beriberi |
| folic acid (deficiency disorders) |
megaloblastic anemia, demenia, depression, hair loss |
| proper immune functioning and growth (which minerals) |
selenium |
| bone formation, cell transport, nerve and muscle functions (which minerals) |
calcium |
| iron utilization, skin pigmentation, nervous system functions (which minerals) |
copper |
| cellular transport; normal muscle, heart, kidney and nervous system functions (which minerals) |
potassium |
| proper growth and reproduction; helps heal wounds (which minerals) |
zinc |
| hemoglobin and oxygen transport (which minerals) |
iron |
| the lymphatic system is a primary source of |
immune cell production |
| in which age group is the thymus larger |
childhood than adulthood |
| which are smaller B cells or T cells |
B cells |
| what are the advantages and disadventages of live vaccines |
negative- smaller risk of full blown infection. positive- obtain a long lasting immunity |
| hepatitis B can lead to damage of what organ |
liver |
| identify the vaccines which may be given together |
DPT |
| which disease has been totally eradicated from the united states |
polio |
| what is the other name for chicken pox |
varicella |
| what is the primary function of the thymus |
produce lymphocytes and eventually circulates through lymphatic tissues |
| what is the primary function of the tonsils |
filters bacteria and other infective material |
| what is the primary function of the spleen |
filters blood cells as they reach the end of the cell life cycle |
| what makes up the bodys major portion of fighting cells |
lymphocytes |
| identify the age group that is most susceptible to chicken pox |
children |
| how often should a tetanus booster be given to adults |
every ten years |
| what vaccine in the 1950s actually contained a live virus and gave people the virus they were being immunized against |
polio |
| which bacterial disease is also known as whooping cough |
pertussis |
| which virus can cause birth defects in unborn children or even miscarriage |
rebella or aka measles |
| define-aquired immunity |
immunity that has been acquired through exposure to an antigen or infectious agent |
| define-toxoid |
a toxin that has been rendered harmless but still invokes an antigenic response |
| define-antigen |
the meter on cell surfaces that marks the cell as a self cell; stimulates the production of antibodies, can cause an allergic reaction |
| define-antibodies |
proteins contained within plasma cells that neutralize or destroy antigens; also known as immunoglobulins |
| define-passive immunity |
resistance that has been aquired through a transfer of antibodies from another person or animal or from mother to child |
| define-globulin |
proteins that are insoluble in water; immune globules protect against disease- transport proteins |
| define-attenuated |
an altered or weakened live vaccine made from disease organism that the vaccine protects against |
| does the diagnosis of cancer mean certain death |
no |
| is it important for the body to produce new cells |
yes |
| there is no clear evidence that genetics are responsible for cancer |
there is no clear evidence |
| which age group is affected more by acute myelogenous leukemia |
children |
| erythropoietin stimulates the production of what |
RBC |
| what is a nonmalignant neoplasm called |
benign |
| what are the three main causes of cancer |
environmental contaminants, radiation, and viruses |
| in radiation treatment, which rays are used to treat deep lesions |
gamma |
| which type of cancer are antimetabolites often used for treatment |
leukemia |
| identify the antimetabolite agents |
cytarabine, mercaptopurine, thioguanine |
| identify the anitbiotics commonly used in adjunt treatment of cancer |
bleomycin, mitomycin, mitoxantrone, pentostatin |
| the process of cell devision that cells must perform is |
mitosis |
| identify the drugs which are mitotic inhibitors |
tenipuside, vinblastine, vincristine, vinurelbine |
| what is the proper order of stages that occur in mitosis |
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| identify diseases typically treated with alkylating agents |
hodgkins disease, retinoblastoma, lyphocytic leukemia, inoperable cancers |
| identify drugs which are nitrosoureas agents |
carmustine, lomustine, streptozocin |
| an agent that causes irritation and sloughing of the skin is known as |
vesicant |
| what drug stimulates WBC production |
filgrastim |
| which drug stimulates RBC production |
erythropoietin |
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