| Flap 1 | Flap 2 |
| ODC shift left | More alkalosis, less DPG, hemoglobin has more affinity for O2, P50 decreases, Hgb is more saturated at a given PO2. |
| ODC shift right | More acidic, more DPG, hemoglobin has less affinity for O2, P50 increases, Hgb is less saturated at a given PO2. |
| Normal P50 | 27mmHg |
| CO2 diffusion rate | 20 times faster than O2 |
| Dead space | anatomic 1ml per pound, alveolar dead space can not be calculated, physiological dead space the sum of alveolar and anatomical deadspace. |
| Anatomic Shunt (true shunt) | The portion of cardiac output that enters the left side of the heart without comming in contact with an alveolus for gas exchange. |
| Causes of Anatomic Shunts | Congenital heart disease, Intrapulmonary fistula, Vascular tumors. |
| Capillary Shunt (true shunt) | No gas exchange at alveoli. |
| Absolute shunt | When more O2 doesn't help/ refractory to oxygen therapy. |
| Shunt-like effect | When pulmonary capillary perfusion is in excess of alveolar ventilation. |
| Causes of Capillary Shunts | Atelectasis, alveolar fluid accumulation, or consolidation. |
| % of total CO2 transported to the lungs in RBC's by bicarbonate (HCO3) | 63% |
| The Haldane Effect | Deoxygenated blood enhances loading of CO2 and oxyegnated blood enhaces the offload of CO2. |
| The Bohr Effect | The effect of PCO2 and PH on the oxyhemoglobin curve. |
| Anatomic Shunt normals | 2 to 5% |
| Things that move ODC right | Temp increase, PCO2 increase, PH decrease (more H+), DPG increase. |
