| Flap 1 | Flap 2 |
| Gerrymandering | a term applied to the drawing of political boundaries in such a manner that a political party or candidate received an electoral majority while an opponet received a minority |
| New immigration | began after the civil war and reached its peak at the begining of the 20th century. These immigrants were mainly from eastern and southern euope and migrated because of hard economic times. They included greeds, Italians,slavs and poles. nativism occured |
| Streetcar Suburbs | As streetcars continued to branch from the inner city, sub urbs were created to house middle class workers who were attempting to escape the inner city problems. |
| Tenements | These were cheap run-down, high rise apartments in the inner city that housed the poor. |
| William M. Tweed | "Boss" tweed led a political ring in NYC. He stole more than 200 million from the public in the 6 years he was a political boss. He was finially indicited in 1871 and sentenced to jail where he later died. |
| George W. Plunkitt | he ran Tammany hall after "Boss" tweef was indicsated. He wrote a book on how to cheat the public. |
| Tammany Hall | the headquarters of NY's infamous "Boss" Tweed |
| Thomas Nast | As the first prominent cartoonist, NAst's darwings led to the indictment of "Boss" Tweed . Nast's cartoon in 1871 called " Let Us Prey," portrayed Tweed as a vulture who used fraud to cheat NY out of its funds |
| Anthony comstock | comstock waged a lifelong war on immorality by defending sexual purity and attempting to remove obscene pictures from society. |
| Jane Addams, Hull House | 1889 she was a humanitarian reformer who established a halfway house for homeless children called the Hull House because she was disgusted with the inner-city problems |
| James Bryce | he was and english ambasador to the U.S. who wrote a book about america called "the American Commonwealth". In it he said that success breeds success if that successful people inspire others to becoming successful |
| John Robling | he was and engineer who built the Brooklyn Bridge, the first large suspension bridge in America 1883 |
| Lois Sullivan | was one of Americas first architects. His philosophy of functionalism stated that everything on a building must have a purpose or function. He was the first person to build skyscrapers and later opened a school for arcitects |
| Framk L. Wright | he was a arcitect who had a theory that buildings should have their own unique style and should not imitate the Gree and Roman arcitecture . He also beleived that arcitecture should blend in wiht its surroundings. |
| Ashcan School, Amory Show 1913 | The Ashcan school was a group of painters who depicted inner city life through their paintings . In the Armory show of 1913, htey painted pictures of trash cans. |
| Literacy Tests | these tests limited immigration into the U.S. by turning away immigrants who could not read or write in English |
| Chinese Exclusion Law 1882 | after Kearney terrorized the Chinese, he and others demanded that no more chinese be allowed in the country. Congress responded by placing a 10-year suspension on chinese immigration exclusion. |
| Dillingham Committee 1911 | this committee severely restricted immigration because of nativist protest |
| Denis Kearney | As part of the nativist reaction to the flood of immigrants after the Civil War, Kearney antagonized the Chinese in the West bycutting off their pigtails and murdering them. |
