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Organic/Biochem
Organic Biochem Winter 2008
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Organic Chemistry | The chemistry of compounds of carbon. |
| Functional Groups | An atom or group of atoms within a molecule that shows a characteristic set of predictable physical and chemical behaviors. |
| Alcohol* | A compunds containing -OH (hydroxyl) gorup bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom. |
| Hydroxyl Group | An -OH group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom |
| Amine* | An organic compound in which one, two, or three hydrogens of ammonia are replaced by carbon groups ( RNH2, R2NH or R3N) |
| Amino Group | An -NH2, RNH2, R2NH, R3N group. |
| Carbonyl Group | A C double bond O group. |
| Aldehyde* | A compund containing a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen, a -CHO group. |
| Ketone* | A compund containing a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon groups. |
| Carboxyl group | A -COOH group. |
| Carboxylic Acid* | A compound containing the group -COOH group. |
| Ester* | A derivative of a carboxylic acid in which the H of the carbonxyl group is replaced with a carbon group, -COOR |
| Carboxylic Ester | AKA Ester |
| Alkane* | A saturated hydrocarbon whose carbon atomes are arranged in a chain. -CH |
| Hydrocarbon | A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms. |
| Saturated Hydrocarbon | A hydrocarbon that contains only C-C bonds |
| Aliphatic Hydrocarbon | AKA Alkane |
| Line Angle Formula | An abbreviated structural formula, in which each vertex and line represents a carbon and each line represents a bond. |
| Consitutional Isomers | Compounds with the same molecular formula but different connectivity. |
| IUPAC | International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry |
| Alkyl Group | A group derived by removing a hydrogen from a alkane, given the symbol -R |
| R- | A symbol used to represent an alkyl group |
| -CH3 | Methyl |
| -CH2CH3 | Ethyl |
| -CH2CH2CH3 | Propyl |
| -CHCH3CH3 | Isopropyl |
| Common Nomenclature | Arachic system of naming compounds. |
| Cycloalkane | A saturated hydrocarbon that contains carbon atoms bonded to form a ring. |
| Cyclic Hydrocarbons | Hydrocarbon that form a closed ring. |
| Conformation | Any 3D arranged of atoms in a molecule that results from rotation about a single bond. |
| Envelope Conformation | most stable fonformation of a cyclopentane. |
| Chair Conformation | Most stable conformation of a cyclohexane. |
| Equatorial Position | A position on a chair conformation of a cyclohexane that extends roughly perpendicular to the imaginary axis of the ring. |
| Axial Position | A position on a chair conformation of a cyclohexane that extends from the ring parallel to the imagainary axis of the ring. |
| Cis-Trans Isomers | Isomers that have the same connectivity but different spatial conformation dute to the presence of a ring or a double bond. |
| Genometic Isomers | AKA Cis-Trans Isomers |
| Stereocenter | A tetratderal atom most commonly a carbon at which exchange of two groups produces a stereoisomer. |
| Configuration | The spatial arrnagement of the atoms. |
| Stereoisomers | Isomers that have the same connectivity but different orientation of their atoms in space. |
| CFC's | Chlorofluorocarbons (air pollutants) |
| Alkane + Oxygen <=> Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy | Combustion (Alkane Reaction) |
| Alkane + Halogen <=heat/ligh=> halogen-carbon combination + Hydrocloric Acid | Halogenation (Alkane Reaction |
| Covalent Bonds, | Organic Compounds |
| Gas, Liquid and Solids Forms | Organic Compounds |
| NOT water soluable | Organic Compounds |
| Organic solvant soluable | Organic Compounds |
| Compounds will burn. | Organic Compounds |
| Slow reaction rate. | Organic Compounds |
| Relative Low Boiling Point | Alkanes |
| Alkane with 1-4 carbons | Gas |
| Form of Alkane with 5-18 carbons. | liquids |
| Form of Alkane with 19+ carbons | solid |
| Are Alkanes Water Soluable? | No like oil and water. |
| Are Alkanes hydrophilic or hydrophobic? | hydrophobic |
| Alkene* | A unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains a C-C double bond. |
| Alkyne* | A unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains a C-C triple bond |
| Thermal Cracking | A saturated hydrocarbon is converted to an unsaturated hydrocarbon plus H2 using extreme high temperatures. |
| Alkane = Extreme Heat => Alkene | Thermal Cracking |
| Terpene | A compound whose carbon skeleton can be divided into 2 or more united identical 5 carbon skeleton of isoprene. |
| Regioselectivity Reaction | A reaction in which one firection of bond forming or bond breaking occurs in preference to all other directions. |
| Markovnikov's Rule | In the addition of H(n) or H2O to an Alkene the H adds to the carbon of the double bond having the greater number of H's. |
| Reaction Mechanism | A step by step description of how a chemical reaction occurs |
| Carbocation | A species containing a carbon atom with only 3 bonds to it and bearing a positive charge |
| Hydration | Addition of Water |
| Oxnium Ion | An ion in which oxygen is bonded to 3 other atoms and bears a positive charge |
| Polymer | (many parts) any long chain molecule synthesized by bonding together many single parts called monomers |
| Monomer | (single part) Simplest nonredundant unit from which a polymer is synthesized |
| Peroxide | any compoun that contains an -O-O- bond |
| HDPE | High density polythylene |
| LDPE | Low density polythelyene |
| Aklene + HCl => CH3CH2Cl | Hydrocholoination (Aklene reaction) |
| Alkene + water => CH3CH2(OH) | Hydration (Alkene reaction) |
| Alkene + Bromide => CH2BrCH2Br | Bromination (Alkene reaction) |
| Alkene + Hydrogen => Alkane | Hydrgenation/ Reduction (Alken reaction |
Created by:
jamilah