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Science
Notable Chemists unchecked and checked
| Description | Chemist |
|---|---|
| Greek; Believed that water was the one element from which the world was formed | Thales of Miletus |
| Greek; Believed that there were four elements--earth, air, fire, and water. | Empedocles of Agrigentum |
| Greek; Developed a theory that the world consisted of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. | Democritus |
| Irish; Developed his namesake law of gases(volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure). Known as the "Father of Chemistry." First to separate chemistry from alchemy. First to clearly define element. Wrote the "Sceptical Chymist"(1661) | Robert Boyle |
| Swedish; Discovered oxygen(1771) and chlorine (1774), molybdenum (1778), manganese, tungsten, and other chemical elements and substances. | Karl Wilhelm Scheele |
| Swedish; Co-discovered the element cerium and discovered selenium and thorium. Originated the system of writing modern chemical symbols and formulas. | Jons Jakob Berzelius |
| English; Discovered hydrogen (1776), and showed that water is a compound of oxygen and hydrogen. | Lord Henry Cavendish |
| English; Discovered hydrochloric acid (1772), laughing gas (1772), and oxygen (1774), and prepared carbon monoxide and amonia. | Joseph Priestly |
| French; "Father of Modern Chemistry.: Wrote the first modern textbook of chemistry, "Elements of Chemistry" (1789). Discovered the role of oxygen in combustion and respiration and overthrew G. E. Stahl's theory on combustion. | Antoine Laurent Lavoisier |
| English; Discovered the chemical elements sodium, potassium, magnesium, barium, calcium, and strontium. | Sir Humphrey Davy |
| French; Pioneered work in gases. Formulated the law that all gases expand by equal amounts when subjected to equal increments in temperature. First to isolate the element boron and to introduced the terms pipette and burette. | Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac |
| English; Formulated the law of partial pressure in gases (1802) and developed the atomic theory and explained its application. | John Dalton |
| Italian; Developed law of gases, which is that equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules. Coined the term molecule and is regarded as one of the founders of physical chemistry. | Amedeo Avogadro |
| French; Discovered the element iodine (1811). | Bernard Courtois |
| German; Founder of the science of organic chemistry. Synthesized organic compounds from inorganic material (1828), thus refuting the prevailing "vital force" theory. | Friedlich Wohler |
| Scottish; Founder of colloid chemistry and a principal founder of physical chemistry. Known for his namesake law of diffusion (1833). | Thomas Graham |
| English; Discovered a mathematical relationship between electricity and the valence of a chemical element. These laws of electrolysis bear his name. A pioneer in the liquefaction of gases. | Michael Faraday |
| German; Developed the foundations of spectroscopy (1859) with Gustav Kirchoff. Developed his namesake burner (1855). | Robert Wilhelm Bunsen |
| English; Discovered thallium (1861). Invented the radiometer (1875). | Sir William Crookes |
| Russian; Devised the periodic table. Wrote "Elements of Chemistry" (1868). | Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev |
| German; Developed a periodic table of 57 elements (1868) independent of Dmitri Mendeleev. | Julius Lothar Meyer |
| German; Suggested the molecular structure for benzene. Known as the "Founder of the Structure Theory of Organic Chemistry." | Friedrick von Stradonitz Kekule |
| French;l Patented a fiber (1884) that was later named rayon. | Hilaire Chardonnet |
| American; Founded the science of chemical thermodynamics. Contributed his famous phase rule, which is applicable to all systems of equilibrium. | Josiah Willard Gibbs |
| English; Helped determine the relationship between the atomic number of an element and its properties and helped arrange the elements in their correct places in the periodic table. | Henry Gwyn-Jeffreys Moseley |
| French; Known for his law concerning the shifting of directions by chemical reactions | Henry L. Le Chatelier |
| Polish; Discovered radium and polonium while working with Becquerel and shared with them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. She won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911 for the discovery of radium and polonium and the isolation of radium | Marie Curie |
| French; Shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 with the Curies for the discovery of natural radioactivity | Antoine Becquerel |
| Swedish; Developed the theory of electrolytic dissociation(or ionization) and won the Nobel for chemistry in 1903. | Svante Arrhenius |
| Russian; Developed chromatography!1903). | Mikhail Tswett |
| English; Won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1906 for his research on the conduction of electricity by gases. | Sir Joseph Thompson |
| English; Developed the theory of the atom(1911). Discovered alpha and beta rays and protons. Known as the “Father of Nuclear Science.” Won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1908 for work on the disintegration of elements and the chemistry of radioactive sub | Ernest Rutherford |
| Swedish; Developed the theory of electrolytic dissociation(or ionization) and won the Nobel for chemistry in 1903. | SvanteArrhenius |
| Russian; Developed chromatography!1903). | Mikhail Tswett |
| English; Won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1906 for his research on the conduction of electricity by gases. | Sir Joseph Thompson |
| German; First used X-ray crystallography(1912). | Max von Laue |
| Danish; Developed a theory of atomic structure(1913). | Niels Bohr |
| American; First American chemist to receive the Nobel Prize(1914)-for his exact determination of the atomic weights of chemical elements. | Theodore Richards |
| English; Used X rays to determine the structure of crystals for which they won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1915. | Sir William and W. Lawrence Bragg |
| German; Invented the process of producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen for which he won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1918. | Fritz Haber |
| German-American; Developed the theory of relativity and demonstrated the relationship between matter and energy(E=mc2) | Albert Einstein |
| American; Helped develop the modern electric theory of valence, thermodynamics, and acid-base theory. | Gilbert Lewis |
| English; Invented the mass spectrograph(1919). Received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1922 for the discovery of isotopes in non radioactive elements. | Francis Aston |
| Danish; Known for his theory on acids and bases(1922). | Johannes Bronsted. |
| English; Known for his theory of acids and bases developed independently of Bronsted. | Thomas Lowry |
| Swedish; Developed the ultracentrifuge. Won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1926 for work on dispersion systems and colloid chemistry. | Theodor Svedberg |
| German; Shared the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1931 with Carl Bosch for work on chemical high-pressure methods. | Friedrich Bergius |
| American; won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1932 for his discoveries about molecular films absorbed on surfaces. Invented the gas-filled electric light bulb. | Irving Langmuir |
| American; Discovered the positron, or anti-electron(1832). | Carl Anderson |
| American; Won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1934 for the discovery of deuterium (heavy water), a rare hydrogen isotope. | Harold Urey |
| English; Won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1935 for his discovery of the neutron(1932). | James Chadwick |
| American; Invented the cyclotron. | Ernest Lawrence |
| German; Received the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1944 for the discovery of the fission of heavy shield. | Otto Hahn |
| American; Shared the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1951 with Edwim McMillan for the discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements. Discovered elements 94 through 98, and elements 101 and 102 of the periodic table(plutonium, americium, curium, berke | Glenn Seaborg |
| American; Won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond. Studied with vitamin C. | Linus Pauling |
| American; Won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1960 for developing a method of using radioactive carbon to determine the age of objects. | Willard Libby |
| American; Received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1961 for discoveries concerning photosynthesis. | Melvin Calvin |
| French; Founder of microbiology. Laid the foundation of the germ theory of disease. Developed pasteurization. Developed a vaccine against rabies(1885). Founder of preventative medicine. | Louis Pasteur |
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