Question | Answer |
epilepsy | When groups of neurons (nerve cells in the brain) spontaneously begin to send out electrical impulses in an abnormal, uncontrolled (electrical storm) way. |
Grand mal seizures are characterized by: | LOC (loss of consciousness), tonic-clonic seizures, tongue biting, incontinence |
tonic-clonic seizures | violent rapid contraction and relaxation of the muscles |
Petit mal seizures are characterized by: | disorientation, facial twitching |
Petit mal seizures are AKA | absence seizures |
Absense seizures are more common in: | children |
Narcolepsy is a type of absence seizure characterized by an | unexpected sudden LOC |
Aura | a warning sign/symptom of an impending seizure |
postictal period | 5-30 minute time period just after a seizure where the victim is confused |
Medications used to treat seizures are called | antiseizure meds, antiepileptics, anticonvulsants |
Antiseizure meds include: | Dilantin (phenyton), Luminal (phenobarbital), Lamictal, Keppra, Topamax |
Use of Topamax during pregnancy has been linked to birth defects such as | cleft labia and/or palate |
Status epilepticus | exteme seizure activity |
Meds to treat status epilepticus: | diazepam AKA Valium or Diastat |
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by | an irreversible and progressive loss of neurons in the cerebral cortex. |
Manifestations include progressive difficulty with | memory, judgment, and reasoning that eventually progresses to dementia. |
Drugs to treat AD: | Aricept, Exelon, Namenda |
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by: | Shaking tremors, Muscle rigidity, Bradykinesia (slowness of movement), Mask-like facial expression, Drooling, Shuffling gait progressing to a loss of ability to ambulate |
dopamine | A neurotransmitter in the brain that causes PD |
Drugs to treat PD include: | carbidopa + levodopa AKA Duodopa, Parcopa, Sinemet; Requip, Mirapex |
Mirapex also treats: | restless leg syndrome (RLS) |
hypnotics | meds to treat insomnia |
hypnotics include: | Ambien, Lunesta, Rozerem, Restoril AKA temazepam, Dalmane AKA flurazepam |
OTC hypnotics include: | Nytol, Sominex. These drugs contain diphenhydramine AKA Benadryl |
Benadryl (diphenhydramine) is also classified as an: | antihistamine |
A common side effect of antihistamines is: | drowsiness |
A neurosis is characterized by: | anxiety, anxiousness, and tension at a more intense level than normal |
Anxiety can be associated with phobias such as: | Acrophobia (fear of heights), Arachnophobia (fear of spiders), Ophidiophobia (fear of snakes), Agoraphobia (fear of open spaces),Claustrophobia (fear of confined spaces) |
Medications used to treat neuroses are called: | sedatives, antianxiety drugs, minor tranquilizers |
Sedatives include: | Xanax AKA alprazolam, Librium AKA chlordiazepoxide, Tranxene, Valium AKA diazepam, Ativan AKA lorazepam |
Sedatives can lose effectiveness if combined with: | caffeine |
Psychosis is characterized by | losing touch with reality and can result in illusions, delusions, and hallucinations |
An illusion is a: | false interpretation of a sensory stimulus |
A delusion is a: | A false belief |
A hallucination is a: | sensory perception that is not caused by an external stimulus |
Medications used to treat psychoses are called: | major tranquilizers, antipsychotics, neuroleptics |
Antipsychotics include: | Thorazine AKA clorpromazine, Seroquel, Abilify, Risperdal, Zyprexa, haloperidol AKA Haldol, catapres AKA clonidine |
Tourette's syndrome: | involuntary body movements and vocal outbursts |
MDD | major depressive disorder AKA clinical depression |
Meds to treat MDD: | antidepressants: Lexapro, Effexor, Cymbalta, Prozac, Paxil, Abilify, Zoloft, Wellbutrin, Pristiq |
ASD | atrial septal defect |
VSD | ventricular septal defect |
PPHN | peripheral pulmonary hypertension of the neonate |
SB | spina bifida |
The interaction of Pristiq with NSAIDs or anticoagulants can cause: | bleeding tendencies |
The interaction of Pristiq with antimigraine medication can cause: | sudden death |
Side effects of Pristiq: | HTN, hypercholesterolemia, increased IOP |
Depression has been linked to a deficiency of : | omega 3 fatty acids |
Manic-depressive illness (MDI) is characterized by: | cyclic extreme mood swings between two opposite poles of emotion |
MDI AKA | BMD bipolar mental disorder |
Meds to treat BMD: | Lithobid AKA lithium, Seroquel, Thorazine AKA chlorpromazine, Abilify, Risperdal, Zyprexa, Topamax |
ADHD | attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and excessive motor activity |
Meds to treat ADHD: | Focalin, Catapres, Ritalin or Concerta AKA methylphenidate, Adderall |
Antabuse: | med to treat alcoholism |
Mixing alcohol and Anatbuse will cause: | cephalagia, vertigo, and N+V |
analgesics are also classified as: | narcotic analgesics and non-narcotic analgesics |
euphoria | state of well being caused by narcotics |
Narcotic analgesics include: | Stadol, codeine, Dilaudid, meperidine AKA Demerol, MS Contin or Roxanol AKA morphine sulfate, Nubain, OxyCotin, Talwin |
Non narcotic analgesics: | APAP (non narcotic and antipyretic), ASA (Anacin, Ecotrin, Emprin) |
Bleeding problems can occur if acetaminophen is combined with: | Gingko biloba |
The classifications for ASA are: | anticoagulant, non narcotic analgesic, NSAID and antipyretic |
Buffered ASA: | Alka-Seltzer, Ascriptin, Bayer, Bufferin |
Buffers include: | Al (aluminum), MG (magnesium), Ca (calcium), NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) |
ASA, APAP, diphenhydramine and caffeine combination drugs include: | Anacin Max strength (ASA caffeine), Bayer PM (ASA diphenhydramine), Vanquish (ASA APAP caffeine), Excedrin (ASA, APAP caffiene) |
Combination narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics include:: | Empirin 3 (ASA codeine), Percodan/Roxiprin (ASA oxycodone), Percocet, Roxilox, Roxicet, Tylox, Endocet (oxycodone APAP) Tylenol 3, Vicodin (APAP hydrocodone) |
Narcotic and non-narcotic medications are commonly combined to produce a: | synergistic effect |
NSAIDS include: | Ansaid, Indocin AKA indomethacin, Naprosyn/Aleve AKA naproxen, Feldene, Clinoril, Celebrex, Advil+Motrin AKA ibprofen |
The classifications for Advil + Motrin (ibuprofen) include: | antipyretic, non naroctic analgesic, and NSAID |
migraine | chronic, severe, remporal headache accompanied by N+V and photophobia |
Meds to treat migraines: | Imitrex, atenolol AKA Tenormin, metoprolol AKA Lopressor/Toprol, nadolol AKA Corgard, Inderal AKA propranolol, Cardizem, Calan, Ergomar, Treximet, Topamax |
general anesthesia involves: | LOC |
local anesthesia invlolves: | small area of skin and adjacent tissue |
regional antesthesia: | nerve block |
spinal anesthesia: | subarachnoid space |
epidural anesthesia: | epidural space |
Anesthetics include: | Solarcaine, Xylocaine, Marcaine, Novocain, Ponticaine |
Induction of anesthesia refers to the: | inital anesthesia that causes LOC |
Other anesthesia is then given to place the patient in a: | coma |
Medications used as an induction anesthetic includes: | etomidate, Pentothal |
A neuromuscular blocker causes
muscular paralysis and includes: | Anectine AKA succinylcholine (succs) |
A preoperative medication designed to decrease airway secretions is called: | atropine |
Dilantin | (antiseizure) phenytoin |
Luminal | (antiseizure) phenobarbital |
Lamictal | (antiseizure) |
Keppra | (antiseizure) |
Topamax | (antiseizure)(BMD/MDI) |
Valium | (status epilepticus)(sedative) diazepam |
Diastat | (status epilepticus) diazepam |
Aricept | (AD) |
Exelon | (AD) |
Namenda | (AD) |
Duodopa | (PD) carbidopa + levodopa |
Parcopa | (PD) carbidopa + levodopa |
Sinemet | (PD) carbidopa + levodopa |
Requip | (PD) |
Mirapex | (PD) (RLS) |
Ambien | (hypnotic) |
Lunesta | (hypnotic) |
Rozerem | (hypnotic) |
Restoril | (hypnotic) temazepam |
Dalmane | (hypnotic) flurazepam |
Nytol | OTC hypnotic |
Sominex | OTC hypnotic |
Benadryl | (antihistamine) diphenhydramine |
Xannax | (sedative) alprazolam |
Librium | (sedative) chlordiazepoxide |
Tranxene | (sedative) |
Ativan | (sedative) lorazepam |
Thorazine | (antipsychotic) (BMD/MDI)chlorpromazine |
Seroquel | (antipsychotic)(BMD/MDI) |
Abilify | (antipsychotic)(antidepressant)(BMD/MDI) |
Risperdal | (antipsychotic)(BMD/MDI) |
Zyprexa | (antipsychotic)(BMD/MDI) |
Haldol | (antipsychotic)(tourette's) haloperidol |
Catapres | (antipsychotic)(ADHD) clonidine |
Lexapro | (antidepressant) |
Effexor | (antidepressant) |
Cymbaalta | (antidepressant) |
Prozac | (antidepressant) |
Paxil | (antidepressant) |
Zoloft | (antidepressant)(MDD) |
Wellbutrin | (antidepressant) Zyban |
Pristiq | (antidepressant) |
Lithbid | (BMD/MDI) lithium |
Focalin | (ADHD) |
Ritalin | (ADHD) |
Concerta | (ADHD) methylphenidate |
Adderall | (ADHD) |
Antabuse | alcoholism |
Stadol | (Narcotic analgesic) |
codeine | (Narcotic analgesic)(antitussive) |
Dilaudid | (Narcotic analgesic) |
Demerol | (Narcotic analgesic) meperidine |
Ms Contin | (Narcotic analgesic) morphine sulfate |
Roxanol | (Narcotic analgesic) morphine sulfate |
Nubain | (Narcotic analgesic) |
OxyContin | (Narcotic analgesic) oxycodone |
Talwin | (Narcotic analgesic) |
Panadol | (Narcotic analgesic)APAP |
Ansaid | (NSAID) |
Indocin | (NSAID) indomethacin |
Naprosyn | (NSAID) naproxen |
Aleve | (NSAID) naproxen |
Imatrex | (migraines) |
Tenormin | (migraines) atenolol |
Toprol | (migraines) metoprolol |
Corgard | (migraines) nadolol |
Inderal | (migraines) propranolol |
Cardizem | (migraines) diltiazem |
Calan | (migraines) verpamil |
Ergomar | (migraines) ergotamine |
Treximet | (migraines) |
Topamax | (migraines) |
Solarcaine | (anesthetic) |
Xylocaine | (anesthetic) lidocaine |
Marcaine | (anesthetic) |
Novocain | (anesthetic) procaine |
Pontocaine | (anesthetic) |
Anectine | (neuromuscular blocker) succinylcholine |
atropine | (decreases airway secretions) |
Anacin Max Strength | ASA + caffeine |
Bayer PM | ASA + diphenhyrdramine |
Vanquish | ASA + caffeine |
Excedrine | ASA + caffeine |
Demerol | (narcotic analgesic) meperidine |
Clinoril | (NSAID) |
Celebrex | (NSAID) |
Feldene | (NSAID) |
Thorazine | (antipsycotic) chlorpromazineTranxene |
Tranxene | (sedative) |
Ativan | (sedative) lorazepam |
Empirin 3 | ASA + codeine |
Percodan | ASA + oxycodone |
Roxiprin | ASA + oxycodone |
Endocet | APAP + oxycodone |
Roxilox | APAP + oxycodone |
Roxicet / Percocet | APAP + oxycodone |
Concerta | (ADHD) methylphenidate |
ASA | (non-narcotic analgesic) Ecotrin, Emprin, Anacin |
Corgard | (migraines) nadolol |
Lexapro, Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft use during pregnancy increases the chances of birth defects such as: | ASD, VSD |
Zyban (Wellbutrin) or Chantix can cause serious neuropsychiatric symptoms such as: | changes in behavior, hostility, agitation, depressed mood, suicidal thoughts and behavior, and attempted suicide. |
Abilify can increase the risk of: | suicidal tendencies, CVA in elderly dementia patients, hyperglycemia, leukocytopenia, seizures, dysphagia, impaired judgment, and impaired motor skills. |