Question | Answer |
What is the definition of health? | "the complete physical, mental and social well being of an individual, not merely the absence of disease. |
What is the definition of embalming? | the complete disinfection, preservation and restoration of a dead human body for funeral purposes. |
How many micro-organisms can proper embalming kill? | 99% of micro-organisms. |
Who wrote the History of embalming? | Gannel |
Which ancient civilization had a purification ceremony following death? | Romans |
This ancient civilization used cedar oil to dissolve viscera | Egyptians |
The prohibitive chemicals list was developed because of this newly emerging branch of science | Foransic |
He is credited as being the first to perfect arterial injection as a means of preservation | Ruysch |
In ancient Egypt this person marked the incision location | scribe |
Early embalming was done to make this type of specimen | anatomical |
Anthony Vanleeuwenhoek invented this | microscope |
Father of modern day embalming | homes |
medieval embalmers were not funeral directors they were | physicians |
A death professional with specialized skills and training | undertaker |
This english physician discovered circulation of the body | Harvey |
This ancient civilization was concerned with the body returning to earth as soon as possible | Jews |
In early years, embalmers used oil of turpentine, lavender and... | rosemary |
Roman slaves hired to take charge of the deceased | pollinctors |
Men embalmed men and women embalmed women in this ancient civilization | Gaunche |
This ancient civilization immersed the deceased in vats of wax or honey | Syrians |
Fearing persecution, Ancient Christians buried their dead all night in... | catacomb |
The name for the city of the dead | Necropolis |
Malpighi is credited as the founder of... | histology |
Said to be the first to embalming without evisceration | Clauderus |
In the early years this was used as a means of preservation | Ice |
Used by the ancient egyptians to dehydrate | Natron |
Was used in later years of embalming but was banned because it was a popular poison | Arsenic |
Which Hunter brother was first to inject using the femoral artery and used plaster of paris to dehydrate? | William Hunter |
Leonardo Da vinci is said to have_______body parts so he had more time to draw or sculpt | Embalmed |
How do you prevent getting infection | -Universal precautions
-Disenfection--primary, concurrent, terminal
-constant awareness |
what is UP? | The constant application of barrier precautions when handling the blood and body fluids of persons requiring direct or indirect contact care |
What is PPE? | Personal, protective, equipment- gloves, masks, protective eye wear, gowns (hair covering, shoe covering) |
When was the first metioning of embalming | Genesis 50:2 |
Who was the first to note the relationship between death and disease? | Egyptians |
what place was embalming made mandatory through religious laws? | Egyptians |
Who believed the soul was immortal? | Egyptians |
What do the Egyptians believe happened following death? | Soul would roam earth for 3,000 years, its called the "circle of necessity" |
Egyptians believed that as the as the body remained intact, the ______could return | Soul |
Embalmers were members of... | priesthood |
Embalmers were trained by | medical professionals |
What does scribe | Lawyer-marked incision length and location on left flank as prescribed by law |
What did the dissector do | Made the incision, then dropped knife and ran. I had to run because he was target of stones because he defiled and mutilated the body |
Necropolis was the city of the.... | dead |
Necropolis contained all the facilities necessary for the care of the... | dead (cemetaries,crypts, tombs) |
Aunbis is the god of what? | Embalming |
Classification of Embalming | Aunbis |
Why are there many discrepancies in the actual Aunbis procedure | because of errors in translation |
What is the first step for the most expensive funerals for egyptians? | 1.Removed brain through nose with long small spoon (peircing the ethomoid bone). Sometimes through eye socket. Then the cranial is re-packed with bandage strips soaked in resin or bitumen. |
What is the second step for the most expensive funerals for egyptians? | Evisceration |
What is the third step for the most expensive funerals for egyptians? | Natron |
What is step four for the most expensive funerals for egyptians? | Removal of natron |
what is the fifth step for the most expensive funerals for egyptians? | bandaged and spiced |
What is Evisceration? | Vicera removed through incision in flank, washed in wine and spices. Done by the dessector, embalmer. |
What is Natron? | A dry compound that covered dead body for 20-70 days. salt composition of chloride, carbonate, sodium |
Well being bandaged and spiced where is the viscera placed? | Either back in the body or in canopic jars |
Gaunches methods were | Evisceration and desiccation methods |
Flint stone used to make an incision called? | Tabona |
(Gaunches) Mummified bodies called... | Xaxos |
(Gaunches) It was the _______ embalming method | Perfect |
What did the Babylonians, persians and syrians do? | Immersion of body in large vat of honey or wax |
What did the immersion in large vat of honey or wax do? | Created Anaerobic shield around body |
Why was the immersion in large vat of honey or wax method imperfecgt? | Doesnt preserve inside of body |
Who practiced mummification, although no particular process was recorded? | Peruvians |
peruvian mummies were found... | squatting with knees under chin and coins and gold in mouth |
peruvian bodies were... | wrapped in cotten or wool and bound with crude rope and then wrapped in coccoa mats |
Who delayed burial for 3 days? | Ancient Greeks |
Ancient greeks anointed body with | oils and spices |
What was placed in and around the body if you were an ancient greek? | Coin placed in mouth and cake of honey placed beside the body |
Preparation for an ancient greek funeral was done by? | The family |
Who was among the first credited with cremation as disposition? | Ancient Greeks |
These people viewed embalming and creamation as mutilation to the body | Ancient Jews |
Ancient Jews anointed the body with_______ and _____, then wrapped it in linen | oils and spices |
It is important that the ancient jews returned the undefiled body to _____ asap. | Earth |
Ethipians practices were very similar to the ________ practices | egyptians |
In this practice you could find up to 10 bodies in a single grave. | Ancient christians |
If you were an ancient christian where would the initial burial take place? | catacombs |
Whose preparations of the deceased were very religious? | Ancient first nations people. |
First nation people did what to the body after it was deceased | Split the body down the back and removed skin |
These people removed bones, muscle and tissue and exposed them to the sun for dehydration | Ancient first nations people |
For first nations people ___________ were left to hold skeleton together and then the skeleton dried in the sun | Sinews |
To preserve the skin Ancient first nations people used ________ | oil greases |
After first nations dehydrated and preserved the skin they replaced the skeleton into the skin and reformed the body using.... | sand |
What would you find if you looked in the basket near the feet of the first nations people? | Dried flesh sewn together |
After the body was prepped where was the body placed when talking about first nations people | in cave or in buried in ground. |
When preparing for a medium priced funeral what would the body be injected with? | Cedar oil |
How long was natron typically applied on the body for? | 20-70 days |
After the natron was a applied for 20-70 days what was the next step for a medium priced funeral? | body was washed, d |
How did wine help the body? | disinfected the body |
How did spices help the body? | helped preserve the body |
Anthony Venleewenhoek invented the... | Microscope |
Who futhered Malpighis work? | Vanleeuwenhoek |
Who was named the "father of mircobiology" | Vanleeuwenhoek |
Who was the "father of embalming?" | Dr. Fredrick Ruysch |
Why was Ryysch credited of being the father of embalming? | He was the first to perfect successful system of arterial injection as means of preservation |
Who published the description of this method of embalming without evisceration? | Clauderus |
Who injected cavities with balasmic spirit? | Clauderus |
Gabriel Clauderus was a | german physician |
William hunter was a | scottish anatomist |
Who was credited over Ruysch as first to successfully adopt the art of injection? | William hunter |
Who was the first to use the femoral art for injection? | Wiliam hunter |
In this period only some royality were embalmed but other then that not much embalming was happening? | medival period through mid 19th century |
What were some of the materials used in earlier years? | Oil of turpentine, camphor spirit, oil of lavender, oil of rosemary, vermillion, wine |
What were some of the materials used in later dates? | Zinc Compounds, arsenic, alcohols, aluminum compound and zinc sulphate |
Leonardo Da Vinci was known as a | sculpter, paintor and inventor |
This man dissected human bodies to produce hundreds of anatomical plates (drawings) | Leonardo Da Vinci |
William Harvey was a | English physician |
This man discovered the circulation of bloood | William Harvey |
Marcello Malpighi was an | Italian anatomist |
Malpighi was the founder of | histology |
Who was credited with the discovery of capillary circulation and anastomosis | Malpighi |
John Hunter was brothers with | William hunter |
Who perfected the "hunterian Method" | John Hunter |
Who made embalming available to the general public by publishing "histore des Embaumements" | gannel |
Who offered embalming to the public for a fee? | Gannel |
Who was an educator in anatomy, sanitationa and public health? | Richard Harlan |
Richard Harlan was one of the first to use ________ as disinfection? | Creosote |
Who translated Gannels book into english> | Harlan |
Harlan believed that embalming prevented the spread of | disease |
In the modern period the embalming preservatives were now mostly | poisonous (arsenic, metalliac) |
The published the accurate discription of HCHO? | Butler |
Who prepared HCHO? | Hofmann |
The civil war was was largely responsible for the development of ___________ in North America | Embalming |
Who was the "father of modern embalming" | Homes |
When the war broke out this man moved to washington and embalmed up to 4,028 officers and | soldiers |
Who had strict instructions not to be embalmed | Holmes |
What we some factors that affected modern day embalming? | Chemicals used to harsh on both the body and the operator |
| Embalmers skill was not as good as it could have been. finished product didnt always look good |
| Perservation by ice was still the main method. |