Question | Answer |
Speech disorder | refers to difficulty producing sounds as was as disorders of voice quality or fluency of speech, offten reffered to as stuttering. |
Language disorder | difficulty recieving or understanding information. |
expressive language disorder | difficulty formulating ideas and information. |
cleft palate or lip | a condition in which a person has a split in the upper part of the oral cavity or the upper lip. |
dialect | a language variation that a group of indviduals uses and that relfects shard regional, social, or cultural factors. |
Speech | the oral expression of language |
language | a structred, shared rule-governed, symbolic system for communication. |
phonology | is the use of sounds to make meanigful syllables and words |
Phonems | sequencing of individual speech sounds |
morphology | system that governs the structre of words |
morpheme | the smallest unit of speech. |
syntax | rules for putting together a seris of words to form sentences |
semantics | the meaning of what is expressed |
pragmatics | use of communication in contexts |
social interaction theories | emphaize that communtication skills are learned through social interactions |
articulation disorders | one of the most frequent commuincation disorders in preschool and school-age children |
articulation | a speakers production of individual or sequence of sounds |
substitutions | using a different letter sound for a certain letter |
omissions | occurs when a child leaves a phoneme out of a word |
additions | occur when a child places a vowel between two consonants. |
distortions | modifications of the production phoneme in a word |
apraxia | motor speech disorder that affects the way in which a student plans to produce speech |
pitch | affected by the tension and size of the vocal folds, the health of the larynx and the location of the laynx |
duration | length of time that any speech sound requires |
intesity | loudness or softness |
resonacne | perceived quality of someone's voice |
hypernasality | air is allowed to pass through the nasal cavity on sounds |
hyponasality | air cannont pass through the nose and comes in through the mouth instead |
sprecific language impairment | not related to any physical or intellectual disability |
fluency | rate and rythm of speaking |
organic disorders | cause by an identifiable problem with the nueromuscular mechanisms of the person |
functional disorders | those with no identifiable organic or neruological cause |
congenital disorder | a disorder that occurs at or before brith |
acquired disorder | a disorder that occurs well after brith |
oral motor exam | an examination of the apperance, strengthm and range of motion of the lips, tounge, palate, teeth and jaw. |
bilingual | uses two languages equally well |
bidialectal | uses two variations of a language |
system for augmenting language | an instrucitonal startagy that has been effective |