Question | Answer |
“Muckrakers” | journalists committed to exposing corruption ex. Ida Tarbell |
Ida Tarbell | exposed steel corruption |
Lincoln Steffens | exposed corruption |
“Social Gospel” | a social movement chiefly concerned with redeeming the nation's cities; religious ex. Salvation Army |
Salvation Army | a fusion of religion with reform |
Children’s Bureau | created by Taft in 1912; to investigate "all matters pertaining to the welfare of childrem" |
Elizabeth Cady Stanton | women's suffrage |
National American Suffrage Association | NAWSA; Jane Addams |
Nineteenth Amendment | 1920; guaranteed political rights to women |
Equal Rights Amendment | Alice Paul |
Split ticket | replaced by secret ballot |
Municipal Reform | Lincoln Steffens; city governments |
City-Manager Plan | elected officials hired an outside expert to take charge of the government |
Tom Johnson | celebrated reform mayor of Cleveland |
Initiative | allowed reformers to circumvent state legislatures altogether by submitting new legislation directly to the voters in general elections |
Referendum | provided a method by which actions of the legislature could be returned to the electorate for approval |
Direct Primary | an attempt to take the selection of candidates away from the bosses and give it to the people; used to limit black voting in the south |
Recall | gave voters the right to remove a public official from office at a special election |
Robert M. LaFollette | celebrated state-level reformer in Wisconsin |
“Interest groups” | organizations outside the party system designed to pressure govt to do members' bidding |
Charles Frances Murphy | led Tammany Hall towards reform |
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire | 1911 |
Western Progressives | focused mainly on federal reform |
W.E.B. DuBois | disagreed with Booker T. Washington; said that blacks deserved a full university education instead of a trade/agric. education |
Niagara Movement | launched by W.E.B. DuBois; NAACP |
National Farm Bureau Federation | a network of agricultural organizations designed to spread scientific farming methods, teach sound marketing techniques, and lobby for the interests of their members |
“Women’s professions” | "helping" professions: teachers, nurses |
“New woman” | a result of decline of family size, children spending more time in school, longer life spans, household appliances |
“Boston marriages” | live with other women, often long term |
Clubwomen | GFWC; a large network of associations that proliferated rapidly beginning in the 1880s and 1890s and that became the vanguard of many important reforms |
National Association of Colored Women | club |
“Mother’s pensions” | pensions for widowed or abandoned mothers with small children |
“Talented tenth” | The blacks who should be allowed to get a full college education; DuBois |
Temperance Crusade | Frances Willard; WCTU; Anti-Saloon League |
Women’s Christian Temperance Union | Frances Willard |
Anti-Saloon League | temperance |
Eighteenth Amendment | prohibition |
Eugenics | the science of altering the reproductive processes of plants and animals to produce new hybrids or breeds; a way to "grade" races |
The Passing of the Great Race | Madison Grant; the nation's most effective nativist |
Socialist Party | Eugene Debs; economic reform |
Eugene V. Debs | headed Socialist Party; |
Industrial Workers of the World | radical labor union; "Wobblies" |
Louis B. Brandeis | lawyer; the "curse of bigness"; govt regulation of competition to get rid of monopolies |
Herbert Croly | nationalist spokesman; distinguish btw "good trusts" and "bad trusts" |
Commission Plan | city reform |