| Question |
Answer |
| Nitric oxide is one of the free radicals released to destroy: | Invaders during respiratory burst |
| Defensins are antibiotic (bleach like) chemicals: | Released by neutrophils during attack |
| Phagocytes may be unsuccessful if A: | Bacterial capsule or other such structure is present to prevent attachment by phagocyte |
| no attachment means | no possibility of phagocytosis |
| OPSONIZATION occurs when the complement proteins/antibodies coat the: | Pathogens surface-thereby providing phagocyte-binding sites |
| After OPSONIZATION occurs the antibodies are called: | OPSONINS |
| Types of phagocytes: | macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils |
| The chief phagocyte is: | Macrophage, formerly a monocyte |
| Macrophage is AKA: 3 | RETICULO-ENDOTHIAL, HISTIOCYTE OR Monocyte/macrophage system
|
| Macrophage is derived from: | monocytes that leave BV's & enter tissues |
| After monocytes leave BV's and become Macrophages they: | Enlarge & increase lysosome component |
| What phagocyte is a good survivor? | macrophage |
| Macrophages do not release toxic chemicals but: | rely on intracellular destruction of pathogens |
| Macrophages secrete chemical mediators called: | MONOKINES |
| INTERLEUKIN-1 is a specific: | MONOKINE |
| MONOKINES come from a class of: | soluble glycoproteins called CYTOKINES |
| INTERLEUKIN-1 co-stimulates: | bound T-cells to release INTERLEUKIN-2 |
| The job of INTERLEUKIN-2 is to create a: | pos. feedback cycle to proliferate active T-cells |
| FREE (MOTIVE) MACROPHAGES: | wonder tissue spaces; ie:dust cells that patrol lungs |
| FIXED MACROPHAGES: | stay in 1 place; ie:Kupffer cells of liver or microglia of CNS |
| Macrophages of lungs & lymph nodes develop from: | monocytes formed in bone marrow |
| Macrophages engulf foreign particles &: | Display them on thier cell membrane surface |
| Macrophages display info about foreign particles so that: | T-cells can learn the identity of invader AND B-cells can approach them and copy the shape of the invader |
| B-cells use shape of invader infomation to: | start a recipe for antibody production |
| Neutrophil (MICROcrophages) become: | phagocytes when they encounter pathogens |
| Neutrophils usually destroy themself in the process of defense due to: | types of chemicals they produce & release (bleach-like stuff, oxidizers, etc...) |
| Eosinophils are critical in defense against: | parasitic worms; |
| Eosinophils attack worms by: | pressing against them & firing the contents of lysosomes at them |
| The weakest phagocyte is the : | eosinophils (microphage) Note: MI not MA |
| Phagocytosis is a form of: | active transport |
| Phagocytosis requires the use of: | enzymes, AND other forms of cellular energy (ATP) |
| Engulfment of pathogens on a grand scale is called: | phagocytosis |
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