Question | Answer |
What is Aristotle's view of happiness? | He believes it is an objective condition that either you have or you don't. The three lives are the life of pleasure, honor and study. |
Explain Aristotle's view of goods. | A good is something that brings you happiness, either directly or indirectly. |
What are the three kinds of Goods? (Aristotle) | Type 1 good is a non-instrumental good that is an innocent pleasure. Type 2 good is either instrumental or non-instrumental and can be like intelligence. A type 3 good is an instrumental good like working for money. |
Explain the concept behind Gyge's Ring. | Anyone who has the ability to become invisible will use this power in his advantage to act unjust. They do this because to be just is not a good to the individual. This shows that justice is a type 3 good. |
Define what makes a just city. | A city that has rulers that show temperance, wise rulers, and brave soldiers. Everyone does what they do well. |
What are the three parts of the soul? | Reason, spirit and appetite. |
What is meant by reason? | Soul of executive authority |
What is meant by spirit? | Part of you that gets angry (soldiers) |
What is meant by appetite? | Wanting something that you shouldn't have (productive class) |
Describe the principle of opposites. | The girardia example. You are thirsty and see some water but don't drink it because you know the risk of disease. |
Describe what is appetite vs spirit. | Leonitus pedafile example. Odessey example - wife cheats with servants and servants drink your booze. If you buy your time you can kill all of them. |
What is Aristotle's answer to Glaucous challenge? | Justice is the health of the soul. Health is an instrumental good. If justice is the health of the soul it is a non-instrumental good. It is always better to be just then unjust because justice is a precondition to happiness. |
Why is it better to be just than unjust? | Because the soul is strife in an unjust person and if you are controlled by your appetite then you are out of control. |
How does Aristotle view virtue? | Virtue is viewed as excellence. Virtue is doing an ability and doing it well. Wittiness is virtuous. |
What is the human good? | Aristotle views the human good as reasoning well. That is what separates us from animals. |
How does Aristotle view the ultimate life? | He sees it as the life of study (studying philosophy). |
What are the kinds of virtue? | Perception, continence and incontinence. |
What is meant by continence? | Not having something because you know not to have it. |
What is meant by incontinence? | Having something even though you know not to have it. |
What is meant by perception? | It can be shaped by reason. |