Term | Definition |
Nervous System | Controls homeostasis. |
1st Function of Nervous System: | Help detect changes in the internal and external environment. |
2nd Function of Nervous System | Analyze the change. |
3rd Function of Nervous System: | Organize the information for immediate use or for future use. |
4th Function of Nervous System: | Cause a response to the change. |
Anatomical Divisions | Central Nervous System (CNS) & Peripheral Nervouse System (PNS) |
Functional Divisions | Sensory division & Motor division |
Central Nervous System (CNS) | Brain / spinal cord |
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Receptors:nerves / Effectors:muscles & glands. |
Sensory Division | Takes info about changes from the receptor and sends to the CNS. |
Motor Division | Takes info from CNS and sends to an effector. |
Somatic Nervous System | Takes info from our CNS and sends to our skeletal muscle (voluntary). |
Autonomic Nervous System | Takes N.I. from CNS and sends to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. |
Neurons | The functional unit of the nervous system. |
Neurons | Transmit neural impulses. |
Myelin Sheath | Made from lipids and proteins. |
Sensory Neurons | Carry N.I. from the body to the CNS (from receptors). |
Interneurons | Receive signals from sensory neurons; transmit them from place to place in CNS, activate motor neurons (Inside CNS). |
Motor Neurons | Transmit signals to effectors to produce an actions (muscles and glands). |
Neuroglia | Schwann Cells, Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, and Microglial Cells. |
Neuroglia located in the PNS. | Schwann Cells |
Neuroglia located in the CNS. | Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, and Microglial Cells. |
Scwann Cells | Makes the myelin sheath around axons in the PNS. |
Neurilemma | The outermost layer of the myelin sheath in the PNS; allows for regeneration of the axon is damaged. |
Oligodendrocytes | Makes the myelin sheath around axons in the CNS. |
Schwann Cells | Has Neurolemma. |
Oligodendrocytes | Does not have Neurolemma. |
Astrocytes | Skeletal support for brain and spinal cord. |
Astrocytes | Help stimulate neuron growth. |
Astrocytes | Regulates the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between blood and neurons; relays waste to blood from Neuron. |
Microglial Cells | Phagocytosis in the CNS - eats dead cells and debris. |
Irritability | Ability to form a N.I. when stimulated. |
Conductivity | Ability to transmit a N.I. to another cell. |
Synapse | A junction between an axon and another cell. |
Two structures of a synapse. | Synaptic Knob, synaptic cleft. |
Excitatory Neurotransmitters | Cause a N.I. in the next cell. |
Inhibitory Neurotransmitters | Prevents a N.I. in the next cell. |
Cerebrum | Largest part of the brain that performs higher brain functions. |
Gyri | Folds in the brain. |
Sulci | Grooves in between the folds. |
Cerebral Hemisphere | Left and right portions of the Cerebrum |
Corpus Callosum | Connects right and left cerebral hemispheres. |
Longitudinal Fissure | The space that separates the right and left cerebral hemisperes. |
White Matter | Located on the inside of the brain and helps transmit N.I. |
Grey Matter | Made of dendrites, cell bodies, and the ends of axons ; normally found on the surface of the brain but can sometimes be found deep inside white matter. |
Grey Matter | Also know as the cerebral cortex, the - - - - matter is where you have the ability to analyze and process info. |
Structures of Diencephalon | Thalamus / Hypothalamus |
Thalamus | Relay station between cerebrum and the rest of the brain. |
Hypothalamus | Controls autonomic nervous system ; maintains homeostasis. |
3 Components of the brain stem | Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata. |
Midbrain | Visual and auditory reflexes. |
Pons | Connects lower and higher brain areas (relay). Small role in controlling rate and depth of breathing. |
Medulla Oblongata | Respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor control center. |
Reticular Formation | Sends stimulation to cerebral cortex ; Arousal and wakefulness. |
Medulla Oblongata | Part of brain stem connected to spinal cord. |
Damage to the Cerebellum: | Loss of equilibrium, muscle coordination, and muscle tone. |
2 divisions of ANS | Sympathetic and Parasympathetic |
Sympathetic Division | This division of ANS prepares the body for physical action to meet emergencies. |
Parasypathetic Division | This division of ANS is dominant under normal, nonstressful conditions of everydaylife. |