Question | Answer |
asymptomatic | Without symptoms |
defecation | Elimination of feces from the gastrointestinal tract thru the rectum. |
duodenal bulb | Upper duodenal area just beyond the pylorus. |
endoscope | Instrument consisting of a rigid or flexible fiberoptic tube and optical system for observing the inside of a hollow organ or cavity. |
exocrine | Gland that secretes outwardly thru the excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel. |
friable | Easiy broken or pulverized |
pepsin | Enzyme secreted in the stomach that begins the digestion of proteins. |
punctuate | Having pinpoint punctures or depressions on the surface; marked with dots. |
Varices | Tortuous dilations of a vein. |
sphincter | Circular muscle constricting an orifice. |
or/o | mouth |
stomat/o | mouth |
gloss/o | Tongue |
lingu/o | tongue |
bucc/o | cheek |
cheil/o | lip |
labi/o | lip |
dent/o | teeth |
odont/o | teeth |
gingiv/o | gums |
sial/o | saliva, salivary gland |
esophag/o | esophagus |
pharyng/o | pharynx (throat) |
gastr/o | stomach |
pylor/o | pylorus |
duoden/o | duodenum ( first part of the intestine) |
enter/o | intestine |
jejun/o | jejunum (second part of the intestine) |
ile/o | ileum (third part of the intestine) |
append/o | appendix |
appendic/o | appendix |
col/o | colon |
colon/o | colon |
sigmoid | sigmoid colon |
rect/o | rectum |
proct/o | anus, rectum |
an/o | anus |
hepat/o | liver |
pancreat/o | pancreas |
cholangi/o | bile vessel |
chol/e | bile, gall |
cholecyst/o | gallbaldder |
-emesis | vomit |
-iasis | abnormal condition (produced by something specified) |
-megaly | enlargment |
-orexia | appetite |
-pepsia | digestion |
-phagia | swallowing, eating |
-prandial | meal |
-rrhea | discharge, flow |
dia- | through, across |
peri- | around |
sub- | under, below |
anorexia | Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat |
appendicitis | Inflamation of the appendix |
ascites | Accumluation of serous fluid |
borborygmus | Rumbling or gurgling noises caused by passage of gas or liquid through the intestine |
cachexia | General lack of nutrition and wasting occurring in the course of a chronic disease or emotional disturbance. |
cholelithiasis | Gallstones |
Chron's disease, regional enteritis | Chronic, inflamation, usually of the ileum, but possibly affecting any portion of the intestional tract. |
cirrhosis | Chronic, irreversible, degenerative disease of the liver. |
colic | Spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ accompanied by pain, especially in the colon. |
deglutition | Act of swallowing |
desentery | Inflamation of the intestine, possibly caused by ingesting water or food containing chemicals, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites. |
dyspepsia | Epigastric discomfort felt after eating, Indigestion. |
dysphagia | Inability or difficulty in swallowing. |
eructation | Producing gas, belching |
fecalith | Fecal concretion |
flatus | Gas in the GI tract |
gastroesophageal reflux disease---GERD | Back flow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to malfunction of the sphincter muscle. |
halitosis | Bad breath |
hematemesis | Vomit of blood |
irritable bowel syndrome---IBS | Abdomenal pain, diarrhea, constipation for which no organic cause can be determined. |
obstipation | Intestional obstruction, severe constipation |
malabsorption syndrome | Impaired passage of nutrients in the small intestine, minerals,or fluids through intestional villa into the blood or lymph. |
melena | Passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestional juices. |
oral leukoplakia | Formation of white spots on the mucus membranes of the tongue, lips, or cheek cause by irritation. |
peristalsis | Progressive, wavelike movement that occures involuntarily in holow tubes, especially the GI tract. |
pyloric stenosis | Narrowing of the pyloric orifice, possibly due to the thickening of the pyloric sphincter. |
regurgitation | Backward flowing, as in the return of solids or liquid from the stomach to the mouth. |
steatorrhea | Passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it. |
endoscopy | Visual exam of a cavity using a lighted instrument. |
hepatitis panel | Panel of blood tests for hepatitis, A(HAV),B(HBV),C(HCV) by testing serum using antibodies to each of the antigens. |
LFTs liver function test | Test involving measurement of the levels of certain enzymes, bilirubin, and proteins. |
serum bilirubin | Measurment of the level of bilirubin in the blood. |
stool culture | Microbiolagical procedure in which microorganisms in feces are grown on media to identify pathogens. |
stool guaiac | Applying GUAIC to a stool sample to detect the presence of blood. |
barium enema | Radiographic exam of the rectum and colon following enema of barium sulfate (contrast media). |
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography--ERCP | Endoscopic procedure that provides radiographic visualization of the bile and pancreatic ducts. |
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography | Radiographic exam of the structure of the bile ducts. |
sialography | Radiographic exam of the salivary glands and ducts. |
nasogastric intubation | Insertion of a NG tube through the nose to the stomach |
anastomosis | Surgical joining of 2 ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another. |
colostomy | Creation of an opening of some portion of the colon to divert fecal flow. |
lithotripsy | Procedure for crushing a stone |
extracorporeal shockwave | Use of shockwaves to break up stones. |
polypectomy | Excision of a polyp |
pyloromyotomy | Incision of the pylorus to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. |
antiemetics | Control nausea and vomiting. |
ABC | aspiration biopsy cytology |
alk phos | alkaline phosphatase |
ALT | alanine aminotransferase |
AST | angiotensin sensitivity test |
Ba | barium |
BaE | barium enema |
BM | bowel movement |
CT or CAT scan | computed tomography (scan) |
EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
GB | gallbladder |
GBS | gallbladder series |
GER (GERD) | gastroesophageal reflux (disease) |
GI | gastrointestinal |
HAV, HBV, HCV | hepatitis A,B,C |
IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
NG | nasogastric |
PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
R/O | rule out |
ac | before meals |
bid | twice a day |
npo | nothing by mouth |
pc,pp | after meals (postprandial) |
po | by mouth |
prn | as required |
qam,qm | every morning |
qh | every hour |
q2h | every 2 hours |
qui | 4 times a day |
qod | every other day |
qpm | every night |
stat | immediately |
tid | three times a day |