| Question |
Answer |
| anabolism | cells making complex molecules from simpler compounds; opposite of catabolism |
| assimilation | when food molecules enter the cell and undergo chemical changes |
| avitaminosis | vitamin deficiency |
| basal metabolic rate | number of calories of heat that must be produced per hour by catabolism to keep the body alive, awake, and comfortably warm |
| calorie | heat unit; the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 degree C |
| carbohydrate loading | the method used by athletes to increase the stores of muscle glycogen, allowing more sustained aerobic exercise |
| catabolism | breakdown of food compounds or cytoplasm into simpler compounds; opposite of anabolism, the other phase of metabolism |
| citric acid cycle | the second series of chemical reactions in the process of glucose metabolism; an aerobic process; also called the Krebs cycle |
| electron transport system | cellular process within mitochondria that transfers energy from high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to ATP molecules so that the energy is available to do work in the cell |
| glycogenesis | formation of glycogen from glucose or from other monosaccharides, fructose, or galactose |
| glycolysis | the first series of chemical reactions in glucose metabolism; changes glucose to pyruvic acid in a series of anaerobic reactions |
| hypervitaminosis | condition of having too few vitamen molecules in the body for normal function |
| kilocalorie | 1000 calories |
| metabolism | complex process by which food is used by a living organism |
| plasma protein | any of several proteins normally found in the plasma; includes albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen |
| thermoregulation | maintaining homeostasis of body temperature |
| total metabolic rate | total amount of energy used by the body per day |
| vitamin | organic molecules needed in small quantities to help enzymes operate effectively |
Science Vocab 147928
