| Question |
Answer |
| alveolar duct | airway that branches from the smallest bronchioles |
| alveolar sac | each alveolar duct ends in several sacs that resemble a cluster of grapes |
| alveoli | a small cavity |
| aortic body | small cluster of chemosensitive cells that respond to carbon dioxide and oxygen levels |
| apnea | temporary cessation of breathing |
| bronchi | the branches of the trachea |
| bronchiolus | small branch of a bronchus |
| carbaminohemoglobin | the compound formed by the union of carbon dioxide with hemoglobin |
| carotid body | chemoreceptor located in the carotid artery that detects changes in the oxygen, CO2, and blood acid levels |
| conchae | shell-shaped strucuture; ex: bony projections into the nasal cavity |
| dyspnea | difficult of labored breathing |
| epiglottis | lidlike cartilage overhanging the entrance to the larynx |
| eupnea | normal respiration |
| expiratory reserve volume | the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after expiring the tidal volume |
| glottis | the space between the vocal cords |
| heme | iron-containing component of hemoglobin |
| hyperventilation | very rapid deep respirations |
| hypoventilation | slow and shallow respirations |
| hypoxia | abnormallly low concentraction of oxygen in the blood or tissue fluids |
| infant respiratory distress syndrome | leading cause of death in premature babies, due to the lack of surfactant in the alveolar air sacs |
| inspiratory reserve volume | the amount of air that can be forcibly inspired over and above a normal respiration |
| maximum oxygen consumption | the max amount of oxygen taken up by the lungs, transported to the tissues, and used to do work |
| partial pressure | pressure exerted by any one gas in a mixture of gases or in a liquid; symbol used to designate partial pressure is a capital letter P preceding the chemical symbol for the gas |
| phrenic nerve | the nerve that stimulates the diaphragm to contact |
| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura |
| pulmonary ventilation | breathing; process that moves air in and out of the lungs |
| residual volume | the air that remains in the lungs after the most forceful expiration |
| respiration | breathing |
| respiratory arrest | cessation of breathing without resumption |
| respiratory membrane | the single layer of cells that makes up the wall of the alveoli |
| respiratory mucosa | mucus-covered membrane that lines the tubes of the respiratory tree |
| sinusitis | sinus infections |
| spirometer | an instrument used to measure the amount of air exchanged in breathing |
| surfactant | a substance covering the surface of the respiratory membrane inside the alveolus, which reduces surface tension and prevents the alveoli from collapsing |
| tidal volume | amount of air breathed in and out with each breath |
| tonsillectomy | surgical procedure used to remove the tonsils |
| trachea | the windpipe, the tube extending from the larynx to the bronchi |
| vital capacity | largest amount of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs in one inspiration and expiration |
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