Question | Answer |
Anesthetics | treatment for pain with loss of consciousness or sensation |
Sedatives and Hypnotics | sleep disorders and relaxants |
Antidepressants | mood evevators |
Antianxiety | panic attacks, mild tranquilizers |
Antipsychotic | major tranquilizers |
Anticonvulsants | treatment for epilepsy |
Antiparkinson's | treatment for parkinson's |
Antimigraine | treatment for migraine |
Stimulants and Anorexients | treatment for attention and diet |
Neurotransmitters name 6 of them | acetylcholine ACH- major excitaroyEpinephrine E- adrenalineNorepinephrine NE-NoradrenalineDopamine DSerotonin 5HTGamma amino butyric acid (GABA)- major inhibitory |
Anestetic | treatment for pain with loss of consciousness |
3 types of anesthetics | local, regional, general |
local anesthetics | blocks nerve conduction in a localized areaMOA sodium ions are blocked from entering nerve membranesTU dental procedures |
2 types of local anesthetics | Esters/benzocaine-Ora-gel prepsAmides/lidocaine-xylocaine |
regional anesthetics | give into a specific area eg:spinal cord or epideralTU: childbirth, dental procedures |
General anesthetics | produce loss of consciousness with no response to pain (day surgury) |
Sedative | drug that leads to a reduction of restlessness, irritability, nervousness and causes drowsiness |
Hypnotic | drug that induces sleep from which one can be easily awakened from |
2 sleep stages | Nrem and REM |
NREM | non rapid eye movement, 4 stages totaling 60-90 mins |
REM | rapid eye movement, deprivation of REM leads to emotional problems, nightmares and hallucinations |
Barbiturates | oldest category, very addictive, high overdose potentialMOA depress reticular activation system |
name 2 drugs that are barbituates | phenobarbital-pheobarbitalsecobarbital-seconal |
non-barbituates 4 types | alhydratesbensodiazepinescyclopyrolonespyrazolopyrimidines |
alhydrateschloral hydrate (alhydrates) | used for elderly and children to relieve anxiety prior to surgeryPMS chloral hydrate Non-barbiturates |
benzodiazepines two drugs | reduces emotional and neural activiity, used as muscle relaxantstemazepam-restorilflurazepam-dalmane |
cyclopyrolones | anxiety, dependency risk is moderatezopiclone-imovane |
pyrazolopyrimidines | has high abuse potential in those known to abuse sedatives. zaleplon-starnoc |
depression | described as a chemical imbalance in the brain where neurotransmitters are affected NE(norepinephrine) and 5HT(serotonin) |
2 types of depression | unipolar- just depressedbipolar- depressed with episodes of mania |
drugs to treat depression | Tricyclics MOA- block reuptake to NE and 5HT therefore leaving increased levels at the synapseamitriptyline-elavilclomipramine-anafranil |