Term | Definition |
Manicure | Cosmetic service for care of the hands, which includes skin and nail care, cosmetic treatments and procedures, polishing techniques and artificial nail applications |
Pedicure | Cosmetic care of the toenails and feet |
Quaternary ammonium compounds | Aka Quats, is the standard name for disinfectants |
Alcohol | Extremely flammable, colorless liquid that evaporates quickly |
Sodium hypochlorite | Commonly known as bleach |
Phenol | Strong, high pH disinfectant |
Accelerated hydrogen peroxide | AHP, disinfectant based on stabilized hydrogen peroxide that is non toxic to the skin and environment. This type of disinfectant only needs to be changed every 14 days |
Nail rasp | Metal tool that has a grooved edge, this tool is typically used for pedicures to smooth and file the free edge |
Wooden pusher | Used to gently remove cuticle tissue away from the nail plate and clean under the free edge. Made from Orangewood, rosewood, or other hardwoods. Disposal alternatives for pushing back cuticles |
Metal pusher | Used to gently scrap the cuticle from the natural nail, they are made of stainless steel and can be disinfected and reused |
Onyx | Technical term for nails |
Nail plate | Translucent portion of the nail, extending from the nail root to the free edge, sometimes referred to as the nail body |
Free edge | Part of the nail plate that extends beyond the fingertip |
Hyponychium | Skin between the free edge and fingertip of the natural nail |
Nail bed | Portion of the skin that the nail plates rests upon as it grows out |
Bed epithelium | Thin layer of skin cells between the nail bed and nail plate (sheets) |
Cuticle | The small portion of non living epidermis extending around the base of the nail |
Lunula | Whitish, half moon shape at the base of the nail |
Matrix | Part of the nail bed that extends below the nail root and helps to produce the nail plate |
Nail folds | Folds of normal skin that surround the natural plate |
Nail sidewall | Aka Lateral nail fold, is the piece of skin that overlaps onto the side of the nail |
Nail grooves | Sits or grooves on the sides of the nail that allow growth |
Eponychium | Living skin at the base of the nail plate that partially overlaps the lunula |
Perionychium | Additional or excessive skin that overlaps onto the sides of the nail plate |
Agnail | Aka hangnail, is the split Cuticle around the nail |
Bruised nail | Dark purplish discoloration under the nail caused by trauma |
Eggshell nail | Noticeably thin, white nail plate that is more flexible than normal |
Leukonychia | Aka white spots, whitish discoloration of the nails caused by injury |
Melanoychia | Darkening of the nails caused by excess melanin, may be in a band or stripe |
Nail psoriasis | Noninfectious condition that affects the surface of the natural nail, nail will appear pitted and or have roughness on the surface |
Nail pterygium | Forward growth of living skin that adheres to the surface of the nail plate |
Onychosis | General term for any nail disease or deformity |
Onychocryptosis | Ingrown nail |
Onychophangy | Bitten nails |
Onychorrhexis | Abnormal brittleness of the nail plate |
Ridge | Aka furrow, or corrugation, is a vertical or horizontal indentation running the length or width of the nail plate |
Onychomycosis | Aka tinea unguium, is fungal infection that can occur on the bottom of the feet, as well as between the toes, which can spread to the toenails |
Onychia | Inflammation of the nail matrix |
Onycholysis | Loosening or separation, without shedding, of the nail plate from nail bed |
Hummerus | Largest bone in the upper arm, extending from the shoulder to the elbow |
Ulna | Inner and larger bone on the outside of the forearm, located on the pinky side |
Radius | Outer and smaller bone on the inside of the forearm, located on thumb side |
Carpals | 8 bones that forms wrist |
Metacarpals | 5 long, thin bones between the wrist and fingers, forming thee palm of the hand |
Phalanges | Aka digits, are the bones of the fingers or toes |
Femur | Long bone extending from the hip to the knee, aka thigh bone |
Patella | Technical term for kneecap |
Tibia | Aka shin bone, is the largest of the two bones below the knee that forms the lower leg |
Fibula | Bone forming the outer part of the lower leg, extending from the knee to the ankle |
Gastrocnemius | Muscle located in the calf that pulls the foot down, attached to the lower portion of the heel |
Micro trauma | Causing small unseen openings in the skin that allow for entry of pathogens |
Tibialis anterior | Muscle that covers the shin and bends the foot |
Soleus | Muscle that is attached to the lower heel and bends the foot down |
Peroneus Longus | Longer of the two muscles responsible for rotating the foot down and out |
Peroneus brevis | Shorter of the two muscles responsible for rotating the foot down and out |
Tibialis posterior | Muscle that helps the foot flex inward |
Flexor digiti minimi | Muscle that controls the little toe |
Monomer | Liquid that mixes with the acrylic powder and binds the acrylic polymers to dorm a nail enhancement |
Methyl Methacrylate | Aka MMA, type of monomer that is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid compound. MMA polymerization readily and is used especially as a monomer for acrylic resin. It has a small molecule size and can penetrate body tissue or skin and possibly cause an A |
Polymer | A concentrate or powder made up of acrylic powder that when mixed with a monomer forms a nail enhancement |
Polymerization | The chemical reaction, aka curing or hardening, that creates polymers |
Fabric wraps | Very thin and tightly woven materials such as linen, silk or fiberglass that are used to strengthen the natural nail or are applied over nail tips |
Nail wrap resin | Used to adhere the fabric wrap to the natural nail or nail tip |
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene | a high quality virgin plastic, used to manufacture nail tips |
Paronychia | Bacterial inflammation of the skin surrounding the nail plate |
Lungs | Spongy, respiratory organs responsible for inhaling and exhaling |
Pronator | Turns the arm and hand inward so the palm faces downward |
Supinator | Turns the forearm and hand outward so the palm faces upward |
Flexor muscle | Bends a joint |
ABductor | Spreads fingers and toes |
ADductor | Pulls the fingers or toes together |
Opponens | Group of ADductor muscles located in the palm that pulls the thumb toward the fingers |
Tarsal | 7 bones that forms the ankle |
Metatarsal | Five long slender bones located between the ankles and the toes |
Digital nerve | Nerves located in the fingers and toes |
Median nerve | Smallest of the 3 arm and hand nerves, runs along the mid forearm and extends into the hands |
Radial nerve | Nerve that runs along the thumb said of the arm and the back of the hand |
Initiators | Substances that begin the process that starts the chain reaction, leading to very long polymer chains being created |
Inhibition layer | The tacky, film like layer that forms on top of the nail enhancement |
Position stop | Edge of the well that bumps up against the free edge of the natural nail |
Stress area | Edge of the nail tip below the contact area that is the most vulnerable area, accepting everyday wear and tear |
Primer | Liquid solution containing methacrylic acid that is applied sparingly to the natural nail plate prior to acrylic product application to assist in adhesion of the enhancement |
Overlay | Any fabric wrap, uv cured gel or acrylic/sculptured nail that is applied to enhance and or strengthen the natural nail |
Oligomers | Short polymer chains that consist of jus a few monomers, creating a thickened resin or a gel like substance |
Urethane acrylate | Main ingredient used to create uv gel nail enhancements |
Urethane methacrylate | Main ingredient used to create uv gel nail enhancements |
Photoinitiators | The chemical that begins the polymerization process in gel nails |
Cyanoacrylates | Specialized acrylic monomers that quickly polymerize with the addition of alcohol, water or any weak alkaline product to form an adhesive |
Reflexology | Based on the use of reflex points located throughout the hands, feets, and head that are linked to other parts of the body |
Ulnar nerve | Nerve that runs along the little finger side of the arm and the palm of the hand |
Radial artery | Supplies blood to the thumb side of the arm and the back of the hand |
Ulnar artery | Supplies blood to the little finger side of arm and the palm of the hand |