Question | Answer |
What are the top 4 cancers w/ estimated new cases for males? | prostate, lung/bronchus, colon/rectum, urinary bladder |
What are the top 4 cancers w/ estimated new cases for females? | breast, lung/bronchus, colon/rectum, uterine |
What are the top 4 cancers w/ deaths for males? | lung/bronchus, prostate, colon/rectum, pancreas |
What are the top 4 cancers w/ deaths for females? | lung/bronchus, breast, colon/rectum, pancreas |
risk factors for bronchogenic CA | tobacco, asbestos, radiation exposure |
risk factors for esophageal/head/neck CA | tobacoo, alcohol |
risk factors for breast CA | 1st degree relative w/ breast CA, prior hx of breast CA, nullipartiy, early menarche, late menopause |
risk factos for cerivcal carcinoma | multiparity, HPV infxn, early sexual intercourse and multiple partners |
risk factos for colon CA | high fat/low fiber diet, personal hx of colonic adenimatous polyps or resected colon CA, IBD |
Risk factors for Skin CA | UV light exposure, sunlight |
At what age are yealy mammograms recommended? | 40 |
When should cervical cancer screening begin? | 3 yrs after a woman begins having vaginal intercourse but no later than 21 years of age; repeated annually; after 30 women w/ 3 normal tests in a row may get screened every 2-3 yrs if no other risk factors; may stop at 70 if 3 normal screenings |
When should colorectal CA screening start? | begining at age 50 a colonoscopy every 10 years |
How often should the PSA and DRE be offered to men for prostate CA screening? | annually for men over 50 w/ life expectanccy of at least 10 years; 45 if african-american or w/ family hx |
Staging: T1 | Tumor size: carcinoma in situ; smallest measurable tumor mass or confined to mucosa or submucosa |
Staging: T2 | Tumor size: larger tumor mass or extending directly to adjacent structures |
Staging: T3 | a very large tumor or further direct extension |
Staging: T4 | tumor of any size with profound local tissue invasion and marked direct extensionq |
Staging: T5 | extension beyond adjacent organs |