Question | Answer |
anatomy | Study of structures of the body |
physiology | Study of the functions of the structures of the body |
pathophysiology | Study of the processes of disease in the body |
homeostasis | Process that maintains balance of the body’s internal environment in response to changes in the external environment |
cells | Microscopic structures that carry out all functions of life |
tissues | Cells of similar type join together for a common purpose |
epithelial tissue | Covers surface of the body; lining of organs & body cavities |
connective tissue | Supports organs & body parts |
3 types of connective tissue | soft; hard; liquid |
2 types of soft connective tissue | adipose & fibrous |
2 types of hard connective tissue | bone & cartilage |
2 types of liquid connective tissue | blood & lymph |
adipose connective soft tissue | insulates the body & is stored energy |
fibrous connective soft tissue | holds structures together (examples: ligament & tendons) |
bone hard connective tissue | gives the body rigid structure |
cartilage hard connective tissue | acts as a shock absorber and allows for flexibility; found at end of long bones & between vertebrea |
blood liquid connective tissue | transports nutrients and oxygen to body cells and carries away waste products |
lymph liquid connective tissue | transports waste products and proteins out of spaces between the cells of the body tissues |
4 types of tissue | epithelial, connective, nerve and muscle |
nerve tissue | controls & coordinates body activities by transmitting messages |
muscle tissue | produces power and movement |
dehydration | insufficient amount of water in tissues |
edema | excess amount of fluid in tissues |
visceral (smooth) muscle tissue | present in lining of digestive, respiratory & urinary systems |
cardiac muscle tissue | causes the heart to beat |
skeletal muscle tissue | attaches to bone & provides movement |
integumentary system | hair, nails, skin, sweat and oil glands |
integumentary sysytem | helps regulate body temperature; protect body from dehydration, infection and injury |
skeletal system | bones and cartilage |
skeletal system | creates structure and framework of the body; produces blood cells; protects internal organs |
muscular system | skeletal, visceral (smooth) & cardiac muscles |
muscular system | contract and relax to enable body movements; generate heat |
nervous system | nerves, brain, spinal cord and special sense organs |
nervous system | sends electrical messages throughout body to coordinate and control body activities |
circulatory or cardiovascular system | heart, blood vessels and blood |
circulatory or cardiovascular system | transports blood around body to deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products |
lymphatic system | lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen, tonsils and thymus glad |
lymphatic system | removes waste from tissues, helps with immunity and absorbs fat and fat-soluble vitamins from the small intestine |
respiratory system | lungs, nose, nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi |
respiratory system | exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide |
digestive system | mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancrease |
digestive system | physical/chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; transports food and eliminates waste |
urinary system | kidney, ureters, bladder, urethra |
urinary system | filters blood to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance; eliminates waste via urine |
endocrine system | pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal and gonads |
endocrine system | secretes hormones to regulate body processes |
reproductive system | females: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, breasts
males: testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis |
reproductive system | enables reproduction |
osteoporosis | soft, porous bones due to lack of adequate calcium in the diet |
muscle sprain | overstretching or tear in a ligament |
multiple sclerosis (MS) | chronic, progressive and disabling disease of the nervous system |
atherosclerosis | fatty plaque build-up in the arterial walls |
arteriosclerosis | hardening/thickening of the arterial walls |
adenitis | inflammation of the glands due to an infection |
emphysema | non-infectious lung disease when the alveoli lose their elasticity; primary cause is tobacco use |
diarrhea | loose, watery stools due to inflection, stress, poor diet or an irritated colon |
constipation | hard, infrequent stools due to lack of fiber and water intake and lack of exercise |
urethritis | urinary tract infection |
diabetes mellitus (DM) | chronic illness due insufficient insulin |
muscle strain | overstretching of a muscle and/or tendon |
organs | two or more tissues join together to perform a specific function |
body systems | several organs and body parts join together for a common function |