| Question |
Answer |
| T/F-SMOOTH MUSCLES DO NOT CONTAIN TROPOMYOSIN AND TROPONIN | TRUE |
| T/F-VASCULAR SMOOTH MUCSCLE CELLS CAN CONTRACT IN RESPONSE TO STRETCHING OF THE MUSCLE | FALSE |
| T/F-UNDER NORMAL PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDICTIONS, THE SKELETAL MUSCLE CELL MUST BE DRIVEN BY A SNYAPSE TO BE ABLE TO CONTRACT | TRUE |
| T/F-CALCIUM IONS SERVE AS A TRIGGER FOR CONTRACTION IN ALL MUSCLES | TRUE |
| T/F-MAMMALIAN CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS ARE ALL CONNECTED BY ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES | TRUE |
| T/F-THE SPASMODIC, UNCONTROLLED TWITCHING OF SMALL MUSCLE GROUPS HAS ITS ORIGIN IN THE SPINAL CORD AND NOT IN THE MUSCLE | TRUE |
| IF THE INERSTION POINT FOR THE FLEXOR MUSCLE IS 2", FOR THE EXTENSOR MUSCLES 4" AND A 40 LB WEIGHT MUST BE LIFTED AT A DISTANCE OF 12" FROM THE ELBOW, HOW MUCH FORCE MUST BE PRODUCED BY THE MUSCLE TO LIFT A 40 LB WEIGHT | 240 POUNDS |
| IN SMOOTH MUSCLES, WHICH REGULATORY PROTEIN BLOCKS THE BINDING SITE FOR MYOSIN ACTIN | CALDESMON |
| WIHCH MUSCLE CATEGORY HAS SLOW FATIGUE, RAPIN CONTRACTION, AND MANY MITOCHONDRIA AND IS FOUND IN THE FLIGHT MUSCLE OF BIRDS | FAST PHASIC, OXIDATIVE |
| WHICH MUSCLE CATEGORY REPRESENTS THE SKELETAL MUSCLES MAMMALS | SLOW, PHASIC OXIDATIVE |
| WHICH MOLECULE IS INVOLVED IN THE EXTRAMITOCHONDRIAL PHOSPHORYLATION OF ATP | CREATINEPHOSPHATE |
| ALTHOUGH STRAITED, CARDIAC AND SMOOTH MUSCLES DIFFER SUBSTANTIALLY IN SOME ASPECTS, THERE ARE ALSO SILIMARITIES. WHAT IS ONE OF THOSE? | ALL USE ACTIN AND MYOSIN AS THE BASIC CONTRACTIVE MECHANISM |
| T/F- THE VISCOSITY OF WHOEL BLOOD RANGES FROM 1.5 TO 2 TIMES THE VISCOTIY OF WATER | FALSE |
| T/F-THE VELOCITY OF THE PULSE WAVE IS APP. 200 TIMES GREATER THAN THE VELOCITY OF BLOOD FLOW | FALSE |
| T/F-ACCORDING TO POISEUILLES LAW, THE FLOW OF BLOOD IS INVERSELY RELATED TO ITS VISCOSITY | TRUE |
| T/F-MOST BARORECEPTORS WHICH CONTROL THE HEART RATE ARE LOCATED IN THE AORTIC ARCHA ND CAROTID SINUS | TRUE |
| T/F-THE THICK WALLS OF BLOOD VESSELS REQUIRE THEIR OWN CAPILLARY CIRCULATION | TRUE |
| T/F-THE PRODUCTION OF RENIN IS TRIGGERED BY LOW BLOOD PRESSURE | TRUE |
| T/F-DIASTOLIC PRESSURE IS NOT PRODUCED BY THE HEART | TRUE |
| T/F-THE HEART DOES NOT PRODUCE ANY HORMONES | FALSE |
| T/F-IN MAMMALS, THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM REPRESENTS A SYSTEM OF DUCKS WITHOUT VALVES | FALSE |
| T/F-RIGHT VENTRICULAR FAILURE USUALLY RESULTS FROM SOMATIC EDEMA | TRUE |
| T/F-STENOSIS REFERS TO THE INCOMPLETRE OPENING OF THE HEART VALVES | TRUE |
| T/F-IN CHANGING FROM SITTING TO A STANDING POSITION, CARDIAC OUTPUT MAY TEMPORARILY BE REDCUCED BY APP. 20 TO 25% | TRUE |
| T/F-THE LYMPHATIC DUCTS DRAIN INTO THE SMALL INTESTINE | FALSE |
| WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DRUGS CAN BE USED FOR LOWERING DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE | ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS |
| T/F-ABOUT 75% OF THE OXYGEN CARRIED BY THE BLOOD IS NORMALLY RELEASED FROM HEMOGLOBIN DURING ONE PASSAGE THROUGH THE BODY | FALSE |
| T/F-A SEVERE REDUCTION IN THE NUMBER OF PULMONARY CAPILLARIES MAY LEAD TO RIGHT VENTRICULAR FAILURE | TRUE |
| T/F-SPINAL CORD TRANSECTION AT THE C8 LEVEL WILL STOP DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING BUT NOT INTERCOSTAL BREATING | FALSE |
| T/F-THE EXTERNALCOSTALS LOWER THE STERNUM AND DECREASE THE SIZE OF THE CHEST CAVITY | FALSE |
| T/F-IN YOUR BODY, THREE BUFFER SYSTEMS PROTECT YOU FROM EXCESSIVE PH FLUCTUATIONS THERE ARE: PHOSPHATE BUFFER SYSTEM, BICARBONATE BUFFER SYSTEM, AND THE PROTEIN BUFFER SYSTEM. OUT OF THESE, THE BICARBONATE IS BY FAR THE LARGEST CAPACITY | FALSE |
| WHICH ANIMALS USE A SYSTEM OF TRACHEOLES FOR RESPIRATION | INSECTS |
| WHAT IS THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THE HIGHER RESPITORY CENTERS IN THE PONS | TO OVERRIDE THE RHTHMICITY CENTER IN THE MEDULLA DURING VOCALIZATION |
| WHICH EQUATION OR LAW PREDICTS THAT SMALL SOAP BUBBLES REQUIRE MORE PRESSURE TO MAINTAIN THEIR VOLUME THAN LARGE SOAP BUBBLES | LAPLACES LAW |
| WHICH GAS LAW IS USED TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF GAS DISSOLVED IN WATER | HENRY'S LAW |
| WHAT VALUE BEST REPRESENTS THE NORMAL PARTIAL PRESSURE FOUND IN VENOUS BLOOD ENTERING THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART UNDER RESTING CONDITIONS | PO2=40MMHG AND PCO2=46 MMHG |
| HOW MUCH CO2 IS CARRIED IN SOLUTION IN PLASMA | 8% |
| AFTER BIRTH, WHAT IS THE TIME SPAN DURING WHICH FETAL HEMOGLOBIN IS REPLACED BY ADULT HEMOGLOBIN | 3 MONTHS |
| WHAT VALUE REPRESENTS THE PARTIAL PRESSURE OF WATER VAPOR IN HUMIDIFIED AIR IN THE TRACEA | 47 |
| T/F-UREMIA, THE ACCUMULATION OF UREA IN THE BLOOD, AFFECTS PRIMARILY THE FUNCTION OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM | FALSE |
| T/F-UREOTELIC ANIMALS EXCRETE URIC ACID | FALSE |
| T/F-THE COUNTERCURRENT MECHANISM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REMARKABLE REABSORPTION OF FILTERED MOLECULES | FALSE |
| T/F-APP. 80% OF NEPHRONS IN THE HUMAN KIDNEY HAVE LONG LOOPS OF HENLE | FALSE |
| T/F-MOST SUBSTANCES REABSORBED BY THE PCT ARE UNDER CONTROL OF REGULATORY HORMONES | FALSE |
| T/F-ADOLTERONE INCREASES WATER ABSORPTION FROM THE COLLECTING DUCT | FALSE |
| T/F-IN EXTREME CONDITIONS OF HYPERTHERMIA AND DEHYDRATION, PRIMATE URINE CONTAINS LARGER CONCENTRATIONS OF URIC ACID | FALSE |
| T/F-IF BLOOD PRESSURE DECREASES, GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE MUST INCREASE | FALSE |
| T/F-GLOMELULAR NEPHRITIS INVOLVES DESTRUCTION OF GLOMERULI DUE TO HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE | FALSE |
| AN IMPT. FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEY IS TO EXCRETE NITROGEN IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE A BUILDUP OF AMONIA. WHAT IS THE MOLECULAR ORIGIN OF THIS NITROGEN | BREAKDOWN OF AMINO ACIDS |
| THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF URINE PRODUCED BY HUAMS IS APP. 1.5 LITERS PER DAY. FOR THIS AMOUNT OF URINE, HOW MUCH FILTRATE IS PRODUCED BY ALL RENAL CORPUSCLES CAPSULES PER DAY | 200 LITERS |
| WHAT DO DIABETES MELLITUS AND DIABETES INSIPIDUS HAVE IN COMMON | COPIOUS URINATION |
| THE SOLE MECHANISM FOR WATER REABSORPTION FROM THE RENAL DUCT IS | ADH-DEPENDENT OSMOSIS |
| T/F-THE NORMAL RELATIVE BLOOD VISCOSITY IS APPROXIMATELY 4 TIMES THAT OF WATER | TRUE |
| T/F-NORMALLY, BLOOD PLASMA HAS THE SAME OSMOLARITY THAN INTERSTITIAL FLUID | FALSE |
| T/F-ACCORDING TO POUSILLES LAW, THE FLOW OF BLOOD IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE SQUARE OF THE ARDIUS OF A VESSEL | FALSE |
| T/F-IN CHANGING FROM A SITTING TO STANDING POSITION, CARDIAC OUTPUT MAY TEMPORARILY BE REDUCED BY A MAXIMUM OF 5% | FALSE, 25% |
| T/F-LEFT VENTRICULAR FAILURE USUALLY RESULTS IN PULMONARY EDEMA | TRUE |
| GIVEN A HEART RATE OF 100 BPM AND A STROKE VOLUME OF 70 ML, WHAT IS THE CARDIAC OUTPUT | 7 LITERS |
| FOR LOWERING DIASTOLIC PRESSURE, WHICH DRUG IS PREFERRED OVER CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS | BETA BLOCKERS |
| INCREASED ATRIAL FILLING WITH STRETCHING OF THE ATRIA RESULTS IN INCREASED HEART RATES AND EVEN DIURESIS. THIS RESPONSE IS GENERALLY KNOWN AS | BAINBRIDGE REFLEX |
| NUMEROUS ECOTOPIC FOCI IN THE CARDIAC VENTRICULAR MUSCLE IS KNOWN AS | FIBRILLATION |
| WHICH IONIC ABNORMALITY WOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ABNORMAL CARDIAC RYTHMS AND ECTOPIC FOCI | HYPOCALCEMIA |
| IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM RESPONSE TO A POSTURAL CHANGE FROM SITTING TO STANDING, WHICH PASSIVE RESPONSE FOLLOWS DIRECTLY AFTER LOWERED VENOUS RETURN | DECREASE IN CARDIAC OUTPUT |
| T/F-TO PROVIDE MORE OXYGEN TO THE FETUS, FETAL HEMOGLOBIN HAS A LOWER AFFINITY FOR OXYGEN THAN ADULT HEMOGLOBIN | FALSE, HIGHER |
| T/F-THE INCE FISH HAS NO RESPIRATORY PIGMENTS | TRUE |
| RESPIRATORY NEURAL CONTROL CENTERS ARE LOCATED IN THE | MEDULLA AND PONS |
| T/F-ONLY 20% OF NEPHRONS IN THE HUMAN KIDNEY HAVE LONG LOOPS OF HENLE | TRUE |
| THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF PLASMA FILTERED BY THE HUMAN KIDNEY IS APP. 200 LITERS PER DAY. OF THIS AMOUNT OF FILTRATE, HOW MUCH URINE IS ELMINATED PER DAY | 1.5 LITERS |
| A LACK OF ADLOSTERONE SECRETION LEADS TO A CONDITION CALLED | ADDISONS DISEASE |
| A LOW (OR NO) ADH PRODUCTION RESULTS IN LACK OF WATER REABSORPTION, AND PRODUCTION OF COPIOUS QUANTITIES OF DILUTE URINE. THIS IS CALLED | DIABETES INSIPIDUS |
| INCOMPLETE SEALING OF VALVES | INCOMPETENT VALVES |
| DEPRIVATION OF BLOOD TO MYOCARDIUM | CORONARY THOMBROSIS |
| DEATH OF TISSUE BEYOND COMPLETE REGIONAL BLOCK | INFARCTION |
| VALVES PUSHED BACK TOO FAR | PROLAPSED VALVES |
| INCOMPLETE BLOCKAGE (LOW OXYGEN) | ISCHEMIA |
| CLOT OF BLOOD | THROMBUS |
| VALVE FAILS TO OPEN COMPLETELY | STENOSIS |
| PAIN ASSOCIATED WITH MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA | ANGINA |
| AT WHICH LOCATION WILL A BROKEN NECK RESULT IN CONTINUATION OF INTERCOSTAL BREATHING UT A CESSATION OF DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING: C2, C4, C6, OR C8 | NONE OF THESE |
| A NEW VIRUS IS ABLE TO DESTROY THE PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE MECHANISMS IN THE KIDNEY (WITHOUT OBSTRUCTING FLUID FLOW). UNDER THIS CONDITION, WHAT FUNCTION WOULD NOT BE AFFECTED | REABSORPTION OF HEMOGLOBIN |
| ANOTHER NEW, BAD VIRUS IS ABLE TO DESTROY THE FXNS OF THE LOOP OF HENLE IN THE KIDNEY. AS A CONSEQUENCE, WHICH FUNCTION WOULD BE THE MOST AFFECTED | CONCENTRATION OF FILTRATE |
| WHICH IS NOT A FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEY: FILTRATION, DIALYSIS, REABSORPTION, SECRETION, CONC. OF FILTRATE | DISALYSIS |
| THE KIDNEY CAN INFLUENCE CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTIONS IN MANY WAYS. WHICH WOULD NOT BE ONE OF THESE INFLUENCES OR COMPOUNDS | BY PRODUCING ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE |
| A NEW VIRUS HAS THE ABILITY TO DESTROY ALL FUNCTIONS OF THE DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBLE OF THE NEPHRON. WHICH FUNCTION WOULD NOT BE AFFECTED BY THIS VIRUS | REABSORPTION OF CA++ |
| WHAT CAUSES CRAMPING OF MUSCLES | CRAMPS COME FROM A DECREASE IN PH DUE TO ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS--LACTIC ACID BUILDUP, ION IMBALANCE, CA+, MUSCLE CONTRACTION |
| WHY DOES CARDIAC OUTPUT DECREASE AT VERY HIGH RATES | CO=SV X HR; STROKE VOLUME IS DECREASED BY HAVING LESS FILLING TIME AND A SHORTENED CARDIAC CYCLE DUE TO AN INCREASE IN HR. SHORTENED CYCLE MEANS SHORTER CONTRACTION--STROKE VOLUME |
| HOW DOES THE KIDNEY HELP CONTROL PH | (blank) |
| BEFORE A DIVE, WHY DOES IT HELP TO TAKE MANY DEEP BREATHS | THIS CAUSES ALKALOSIS THAT GIVES YOU SOME LEEWAY BEFORE METABOLIC ACTIVITY WITHOUT RESPIRATION LEADS TO ACIDOSIS |
| WHY ARE STEM CELLS ALONE UNLIKELY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF SPINAL CORD INJURY | B/C NERVE REPAIR IS ONLY PART OF THE PROBLEM. AFTER INJURY, OLIGODEDRATE CELLS CROWD INTO THE AREA PREVIOUSLY OCCUPIED BY NERVE CELLS AND AXONS. EVEN IF YOU COULD REGERNATE SPINAL NERVES, THEY WOULD SIMPLY COIL UP ON THEMSELVES AND BE USELESS B/C OF CRO |
| WHAT IS METABOLIC ALKALOSIS | LOSS OF ACID, BUT ALSO CHLORIDE. THE LOSS OF CL CAUSES A RISE OF BICARBONATE IONS, CONTRIBUTING TO THE ALKALOSIS--VOMITING. |
| WHAT IS ANOXIC HYPOXIA | reduced oxygenation in lungs |
| WHAT IS ANEMIC HYPOXIA | LOWERED CO2 CARRYING CAPACITY |
| WHAT IS STAGNANT HYPOXIA | INTERUPTED OR POOR CIRCULATION |
| WHAT IS HISTOTOXIC HYPOXIA | LOSS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION |
| WHAT IS HYPOXIA | LOW OXYGEN |
| WHAT IS ANOXIA | NO OXYGEN |
| WHAT IS HYPER CAPNIA | ELEVATED CO2 LEVELS |
| T/F-A SPIRAL FOLD IS FOUND IN THE AORTA OF INFANTS TO PARTIALLY SEPERATE OXYGENATED AND NON OXYGENATED BLOOD | FALSE, FROGS HAVE THIS |
| T/F-TO COMBINE WITH OXYGEN, THE IRON IN HEMOGLOBIN MUST BE IN THE FERRIOUS STATE | TRUE |
| THE SECOND LARGEST PROPORTION OF CO2 CARRIED BY THE BLOOD TO THE LUNGS IS IN THE FORM OF | MOLECULAR CO2 CHEMICALLY BOUND TO HEMOGLOBIN |
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