Question | Answer |
accommodation | Adjustment of the eye far various distances so that images fall on the retina. |
achromatopsia | Severe congenital deficiency in colour perception - complete colour blindness. |
amblyopia | Lazy eye syndrome |
ametropia | Error in reflection causing poor focus. |
antiglaucoma agents | Decrease aqueous humor production by constricting the pupil to open the angle between the iris and cornea. |
astigmatism | Defective curvature of the cornea or lens. |
blepharoptosis | Prolpase of the eyelid. |
blepharoplasty | Surgical repair of the eyelid. |
cataracts | Opacities on the lens or capsule that encloses the lens, causing loss of vision. |
chalazion | Small hard tumor developing on the eyelid. |
ciliary muscles | Muscles which relax/constrict to alter the shape of the lens, allowing rays to focus on the retina. |
conjunctivitis | Inflammation of the conjunctiva producing red or pink eye. |
convergence | Medical movement of both eyeballs so they are directed at the object. |
corectasis | Dilation of the pupil. |
cornea | The clear, transparent portion of the sclera - anterior to the lens. |
cyclodialysis | Formation of an opening for draining of aqueous humor in glaucoma. |
cloplegia | Agents which paralyse ciliary muscles, causing dilation of the pupils. |
dacryocystography | Radiographic imaging procedures of the nasolacrimal (tear) glands and ducts. |
dacryocystorhinostomy | Creation of an opening into the nose for draining of tears. |
dacryorrhea | Flow of tears. |
diopter | Measurement of refractive error. |
ectropion | Eversion or outward turning of the edge of the lower eyelid. |
electronystagmography | Assessing and recording eye movements with electrical activity of the extraocular muscles. |
emmetropia | Correct vision. |
entropion | Inversion or inward turning of the edge or the lower eyelid. |
enucleation | Removal of the eyeball from the orbit. |
epiphora | Abnormal overflow of tears. |
esotropia (ST) | Inward turning of the eye. |
exotropia (ET) | Outward turning of the eye. |
evisceration | Protrusion of one or both eyeballs. |
fluorescein angiography | Assesses blood vessels and their leakage in and under the retina after fluorescein dye injection. |
glaucoma | Accumulation of aqueous humor in the eye. |
gonioscopy | Examination of the angle of the anterior chamber to diagnose and manage glaucoma. |
hordeolum | Swelling of one of the several sebaceous glands of the eyelid; also called a stye. |
hyperopia | Farsightedness. |
intracapsular extraction | A cold metal probe to remove cataracts. |
iridectomy | Excision of the iris. |
iritis | Inflammation of the iris. |
keratocentesis | Surgical puncture of the cornea. |
lacrimal | Pertaining to a tear. |
metamorphopsia | Visual distortion of objects. |
mydriatics | Drugs that disrupt parasympathetic nerve supply causing the pupil to dilate. |
myringoplasty | Reconstruction of the ear drum. |
nyctalopia | Impaired vision in dim light; night blindness. |
nystagmus | Involuntary eye movements that may appear jerky and reduce vision. |
opaque | Substance that does not allow the passage of light; not transparent. |
ophthalmic decongestants | Constrict the small arterioles of the eye, decreasing redness and relieving conjunctival congestion. |
ophthalmic moisturizers | Smoothe dry eyes due to environmental irritants and allergens. |
ophthalmodynamometry | Visual examination of the interior of the eye with an ophthalmoscope. Has a light and adjustable lenses. |
ophthalmoplegia | Paralysis of the eye. |
Optometrist | One who specializes in eye measurements. |
orthoptic training | Exercises to improve eye movements or visual tracking, using training, tinted or prism glasses. |
otic analgesics | Provide temporary from relief from pain and inflammation associated with otic disorders. |
papilledema | Edema and hyperemia on the optic disc usually associated with increased ICP; also chocked disc. |
phacoemulsification | Treating cataracts by using ultrasonic waves to disintegrate the cloudy lens, then aspire and remove. |
photophobia | Unusual intolerance & sensitivity to light. |
photopigments | Light-sensitive pigment in the retinal cones and rods that absorbs light and initiates the visual process; also called visual pigment. |
presbyopia | Form of farsightedness associated with aging. |
radial deratotomy | Incision of the cornea for treatment of nearsightedness or astigmatism. |
refractive | Ability to bend light rays as they pass from one medium to another. |
retinitis pigmentosa | Chronic progressive disease of degeneration of the retina + atrophy of the optic nerve. |
retinopathy | Any disorder of retinal blood vessels. |
retinoscopy | Evaluation of refractive errors by projecting a light into the eyes to determine the movement of reflected light rays. |
sclero | The white of the eye - a tough, fibrous tissue that serves as a protective shield. |
sclerostomy | Surgical formation of an opening in the sclera. |
strabismus | One eye is misaligned with the other or out of synchromy. |
sty(e) | A localized circumscribed inflammation of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid. |
tonometry | Evaluation of ICP by measuring the resistance (of the eyeball) of an applied force. |
trachoma | Chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis. Common in southwestern US - leads to blindness. |
tuning fork test | Evaluate sound conduction, using a vibrating tuning fork. |
visual acuity test | Determines the smallest letters that can be read on a standardized chart from 20 feet. |
visual field | Area within which objects may be seen when the eye is in a fixed position. |