Question | Answer |
FEV1/FVC normal ratio? | 75-85% |
SaO2 normal? | 97-100% |
ABG values?
-ph 7.35-7.45
-pO2 80-100 mmHg
-pCO2 35-45 mmHg
-HCO3 22-26 mEq | normal |
REVERSIBLE obstruction of airflow due to bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation of airway? | asthma |
Risk factors for exacerbation: #1 ATOPY, URI, exercise induced, GERD, drugs (ASA), weather changes? | asthma |
Symptoms: wheeze, prolonged expiration, dyspnea, cough? | asthma |
Asthma Severity Classifications? 12 or older
Symptoms day <2/wk, night <2/month; FEV1 > 80% predicted | intermittent |
Asthma Severity Classifications? 12 or older
Symptoms day >2/wk but NOT daily, night >2/month; FEV1 > 80% predicted | mild persistent |
Asthma Severity Classifications? 12 or older
Daily symptoms, night > 1/month; FEV1 60-80% predicted | moderate persistent |
Asthma Severity Classifications? 12 or older
Cont. daily symptoms w/ limited activity, night frequent, FEV1 < 60% | severe persistent |
Educate: Remove offending agent, daily peak flow meter? | asthma tx |
Rescue: Inhaled Beta2 Agonist (albuterol/levoalbuterol)? | asthma tx |
Maintenance: Inhaled Corticosteroids-rinse and spit after use? | asthma tx |
Other Rescue: inhaled anticholinergics (ipratropium), systemic corticosteroids? | asthma tx |
Other maintenance: inhaled long acting Beta2 agonist (salmeterol), leukotriene modifiers (montelukast)? | asthma tx |
-allergic Asthma (wheeze)
-Seasonal Rhinites (hay fever)
-Eczema
? | atopic triad |
-asthma
-aspirin sensitivity
-nasal polyps
? | asthma triad |
destruction of alveoli leading to dilated air spaces? | emphysema |
productive cough for > 3 months and at least 2 consecutive years? | chronic bronchitis |
#1 cause of COPD? | smoking |
progressive dyspnea, chronic productive cough, pursed lip breathing, fatigue? | COPD |
Exam: increased chest diameter, decreased breath sounds, prolonged expiration? | copd |
CXR: hyperinflation, flat diaphragm? | copd |
subpleural blebs and parenchymal bullae are pathognomonic? | copd |
Hypercapnia, hypoxemia, decreased FEV1, polycythemia possibly? | copd |
-Smoking cessation, pulmonary rehab
-pneumococcal and influenza vaccines
? | copd tx |
Oxygen = only therapy shown to alter course of disease in pts. w/ hypoxemia? | copd tx |
Recue: short-acting inhaled beta2 agonist and anticholinergics? | copd tx |
maintenance: inhaled long acting anticholinergics? | copd tx |
+/- antibiotics due to risk of frequent infections? | copd tx |
-chronic bronchitis
-overweight
-cyanotic
-pursed lip breathing
-productive cough / mild dyspnea
-lung = ronchi/wheeze
? | copd blue bloater |
-emphysema
-thin
-barrel chest
-hyperventilation
-pronounced dyspnea / minial cough
-lungs = decreased breath sounds
? | copd pink puffer |
destruction of bronchial walls leading to permanent dilation? | bronchiectasis |
Causes: CF (50%), IgG deficiency, recurrent infections, tumor? | bronchiectasis |
cough, purulent/malodorous sputum, hemoptysis, recurrent pneumonia? | bronchiectasis |
CXR: honeycombing, atelectasis, basal systic spaces? | bronchiectasis |
Treat underlying pathology, pulmonary rehab? | bronchiectasis tx |
Multisystem disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas? | sardoidosis |
Dyspnea, nonproductive cough, fever, malaise, erythema nodosum, enlarged nodes and speen? | sarcoidosis |
labs = levated ESR, eosinophils, calcium, and ACE? | sarcoidosis |
CXR: bilateral perihilar lymphadenopathy? | sarcoidosis |
biopsy shows noncaseating granulomas? | sarcoidosis |
Most common diagnosis in pts. w/ intersititial lung disease? | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis |
dyspnea, cough, clubbing, -- all progressive? | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis |
serial CXR -- progressive fibrosis? | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis |
TX: no effective treatment known. steroids to control symptoms? | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis |