Question | Answer |
The lymphatic system is a | circulatory system |
The lymphatic system transports fluid called | lymph |
The fluid that escapes(seeps) from capillaries into tissue spaces is called | interstitial (between cells) fluid |
The result of insufficient draining of interstitial fluid is | edema(swelling) |
The lymphatic system consists of: | 1.Lymph 2.Lymph vessels 3.Lymph nodes 4.Tonsils 5.Spleen 6.Thymus gland 7.Peyer's patches 8.Red bone marrow |
Lymph nodes are the shape of | beans |
Lymph nodes are found | along the length of the lymphatic system(everywhere) |
The three areas of lymph node concentrations are | 1.Cervical(neck) 2.Axillary(armpits) 3.Liguinal or iliac(groin) |
The primary function of the lymphatic system are | 1.Drain fluid from tissue spaces that excapes(oozes) from capillaries(drainage system for your capillaries) 2.Transport fats from the digestive system to the blood 3.Produce lymphocytes(Lymph cells) 4.Develope immunities |
The circulation of lymph through the lymph vessels is maintained by normal | skeletal muscle contractions |
Swelling of the lymph nodes is called | lymphadenopathy |
The three groups of tonsils are the | 1.Palatine tonsils 2.Pharyngeal tonsils(adnoids) 3.Lingual tonsils(behind tongue) |
The pharyngeal tonsils are AKA | adenoids |
The spleen is | oval in shape |
The spleen is the | single largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body |
The pharyngeal tonsils(adenoids) are located close to the | internal orifice of the nasal cavity(nasopharynx (throat) |
The lingual tonsils are located on the | posterior surface of the tongue at its base |
The spleen is located in the | superior left corner of the abdominal cavity(by stomach) |
The functions of the spleen include | *Filters the blood to phagocytize(eat it)bacteria, worn out platelets(thrombocytes)& erythrocytes(RBCs-bilirubin) *Releases hemoglobin(Hgb) from the worn out erythrocytes(RBCs) *Acts as a reservoir for blood *Produces lymphocytes |
The Peyer's patches are AKA | aggregated lymphatic follicles |
The Peyer's patches resemble | tonsils |
The thymus is a bilobed(2) mass of lymphatic tissue located in the | mediastinum (between lungs) |
The Peyer's patches are found in the walls of the | small intestines(duodenum, jejunum, & ileum) |
The Peyer's patches are responsible for preventing bacteria from | infecting & penetrating the walls of the small intestine |
The function of the thymus is the maturation of | T lumphocytes(T cells) |
The thymus reaches maximum size during | puberty & decrease in size as we age |
Red bone marrow is found in the | 1.Sternum 2.Vertebrae(spinal column) 3.Ribs 4.Ilia(hands of hips) 5.The proximal & distal portions of each humerus (upper are) & femur (upper leg). |
Red bone marrow is the site of stem cells that are ever capable of | dividing & producing blood cells (hematopoiesis--blood creation) |
An antigen is | any foreign protein that triggers an immune response such as pathogentic, viruses, bacteria & fungi |
Antibodies are immune proteins that bind to antigens and | tag the antigens for destruction by the immune system |
Some of these cells become leukocytes such as | 1-Monocytes(phagocytic/eat it) 2-Neutrophils (phagocytic--eat it) 3-Eosinophils (toxins, helminths/worm) 4-Lymphocytes(produce antibodies) 5-Basophils(relase histamine & heparin/more fluid to an area) MONKEYS NEVER EAT LITTLE BANANAS |
Antibodies are | specialized |
Specialized means that | only a specific antigen (virus, bacteria fungus,etc.) will be attached; |
The positions of the three groups of tonsils form a protective ring against | harmful microorganisms that might enter the nose or oral cavity |
The palatine tonsils are located in the | tonsillar fossa(indentation/pocket) between the pharyngopalatine & glossopalatine arches on either side of the posterior os of the oral cavity. |
Concentrations of lymph vessels are called | lymph nodes or lymph glands |
Antibody production is the only (way)mechanism that can | defeat a viral infection |
Other B lymphocytes (B cells/memory cells) become dormant and are responsible for a more | potent and rapid antibody response during subsequent exposures to the same antigen |
Lymphocytes are categorized as | 1.B lymphocytes(B cells) mature in the bone marrow 2.T lymphocytes(T cells) mature in the thymus |
The B lymphocytes(B cells) mature in the | bone marrow |
Some B lymphocytes (B cells) produce | antibodies |
These dormant B lymphocytes(B cells) are called | memory cells |
Memory cells are responsible for a | lasting immunity |
Types of antibodies include | 1. IgG 2. IgA 3. IgM 4. IgE 5. IgD |
Ig stands for | ImmunoGlobulin (immune protein - are antibodies) |
Administration of an attenuated or inactived antigen is called a | 1. Vaccination 2. Inoculation 3. Immunization |
Booster immunizations are designed to stimulate the production of more | memory B cells |
The B lymphocytes (B cells) will develop antibodies when | 1. a person contracts a pathological antigen(gets sick) 2.a person is exposed to an attenuated(crippled) or inactivated(dead) pathological antigen |
Attenuated means that the antigen has been | crippled (can not reproduce) |
Inactivated means that the antigen is | dead |
An attenuated or inactivated antigen does not cause disease but will | trigger the B lymphocytes (B cells) to produce antibodies |
Immunizations | MMR-Measles(rubeola)Mumps(parotitis)Rubella(german measles)*OPV(IPV)Oral(inactivated)Polio Vaccine*DPT-Diphtheria,Pertussis(whooping cough)&Tetanus*VZV-VericellaZoster Virus*HAV-Hepatitis A Virus(ingested/eat)*HBV-Hepatitis B Virus*MCV-MenignoCoccal Virus |
Immunizations con't | Hib-Haemophilus Influenzae b vaccine*PPV-pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine*HPV-Human Papilloma Virus*Herpes zoster AKA shingles*RV-RotaVirus*Smallpox |
Common trade names for the Measles, Mumps & Rubella(MMR) vaccine include | Priorix, Tresivac & Trimovax |
Common trade names for the DPT / Diphtheria, Pertussis(whooping cough) & Tetanus vaccine include | DTaP - ages 1-7(Daptacel) Tdap - booster(Adacel, Boostrix) |
VZV Varicella Zoster Virus causes | chickenpox |
A common trade name for the Varicella Zoster Vaccine(VZV) is | Varivax |
Common trade names for the hepatitis A vaccine include | Havrix & Vaqta |
Common trade names for the hepatitis B vaccine include | Hepatovax, Energix B, and Recombivax HB |
The MeningoCoccal Virus (MCV) prevents | bacterial meningitis |
Common trade names for the MeningoCoccal Vaccine(MCV) include | Menomune & Menactra MCV4 is recommended for ages 2-55 MPSV4 is recommended for ages over 55 |
The Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine(PPV) prevents | pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis |
Common trade names for the Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPV) include | Prevnar, Pneumovax 23 & Pnu-Immune 23 |
The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) can cause | genital warts |
A common trade name for the Human Pappilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine is | Gardasil |
A common trade name for the herpes zoster vaccine is | Zostavax |
The RotaVirus(RV) causes profound | diarrhea in infants and children |
A common trade name for the RotaVirus(RV) vaccine is | RotaTeq |
The last case of smallpox was in | 1977...the smallpox vaccine is not routinely administered |
A blood test used to determine the amount of a specific antibody present is called an | antibody titer (are you immune to something) |
CD4 T lymphocytes (helper cells) increase the activity of | killer cells, stimulate B lymphocytes (B cells-produce antibodies to fight off antigens) and activate monocytes |
A CD4 T lymphocyte count less than 200 indicates the transition from the | HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection to AIDS (Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome) |