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Fund of Disease ch3
Infectious Diseases Chapter 3
Question | Answer |
---|---|
A disease that can be transmitted from one person to another is called | communicable(contageous) |
Virulence(virulent) means | an organism's power to overcome the defenses of it's host |
Bacterial pathogens include: | 1.Strep(streptococci-plural/streptococcus-singular) proliferation(growth in numbers) of streptococci can cause strep throat 2.Staph(staphylococci) proliferation of stephylococci can cause impetigo(skin infection) |
Bacterial pathogens continued | 3.Salmonella proliferation of salmonella can cause gastroenteritis(inflammation of the stomach & small intestines) AKA Food poisoning 4.E.Coli(escherichia coli) proliferation of E.Coli can cause UTI (urinary tract infection)and gastroenteritis |
Bacterial pathogens cont' | 5.GC(Gonococci) proliferation of GC can cause the STD(Sexually Transmitted Disease) Gonorrhea 6.C.diff(Clostridium Defficile) proliferation of C.diff can cause extreme diarrhea & dehydration 7.Diphtheria causes myocarditis & neuritis |
Many bacterial infections can be treated with | antibiotic therapy |
Antibiotic means | pertaining to against life(bacterial) |
approximately 500 different types of bacteria have been identified living in the average | human mouth |
Viral pathogens include | 1.HAV(Hepatitis A virus) eating. HBV(Hepatitis B virus) or HCV(Hepatitis C virus) sexually transmitted or sharing Needles 2.Influenza(flu) virus(A&B) 3.Coryza(200 different viral strains)AKA common cold 4.Varicella AKA chicken pox 5.Rubeola AKA measles |
Complications of the HBV and HCV include | cirrhosis of the liver(liver cells do not regenerate) |
Complications of influenza is | pneumonia |
Complications of varicella(chicken pox) include | pneumonia(inflammation of a lung) and cerebral edema(swelling of the brain) |
The sequela of varicella(chicken pox) can be | herpes zoster AKA shingles |
Viral pathogens continued | 6.Parotitis AKA mumps 7.Rubella AKA German measles 8. Pertussis AKA whooping cough(100 day cough) 9.Polio myelitis 10.HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus) |
Complications of herpes zoster include | extreme pain and scarring |
Complications of rubeola (measles) is | pneumonia (inflammation of a lung) |
Complications of parotitis(mumps) include | meningitis(inflammation of the meninges-tissue around brain & spinal cord) and bilateral orchitis (inflammation of the testes |
Complications of rubella AKA German measles include | congenital cataracts, deafness, heart defects and MR(Mental Retardation) |
Complications of Polio myelitis is | motor paralysis(inability to move) |
The HIV is primarily transmitted through: | A. Sexual contact (semen & vaginal secretions) B. Sharing needles (blood) C. the entry of contaminated body fluids |
HIV is not tranmitted through | casual contact (shaking hands, hugging, kissing on mouth) |
Average time period between HIV infection and AIDS is | 2 to 8 years |
Dx(diagnosis) of AIDS is given when the immune system has been damaged to the point that | opportunistic infections occur and/or a CD4 T lympocyte count <200 |
Opportunistic infections assoicated with AIDS include: | 1.TB(turburclosus) 2.PCP(Pneumocystis (Carinii) Pneumonia 3.CA(Candida Albicans) 4.CMV(CytoMegalo Virus/can cause blindness) 5.KS(Kaposi's Sarcoma/skin cancer) |
Blood tests to detect the HIV antibodies in the blood include: | 1.ELISA 2.Western blot |
Tx(treatment) for the HIV and AIDS includes | HAART (Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy) |
Many viral infections do not provide a lasting immunity such as | influenza(flu) or coryza(common cold) |
Antibodies have | no affect against viral infections |
It IS APPROPRIATE to prescribe an antibiotic for a viral infection when the patient | 1.Is immunocompromised(weakened immune system) (child, elderly, AIDS, Chemotherapy) 2.Is afflicted with a chronic(recurring) disease (to protect patient against a Secondary bacterial infection) |
Infestation means | to live in or on as a parasite |
A parasite is an | organism that benefits at the expense of the host |
Helminths (worm infestations)(parasites) include | 1.Roundworms 2.Pinworms 3.Tapeworms |
Dx(diagnosis) of helminths is confirmed with an | O&P (ova(eggs)& parasite) test |
Dermatophytosis refers to an | integumentary(skin, hair, nails) fungal infection |
Dermatohytosis includes | 1.Tinea(fungus) corporis (ringworm) 2.Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) 3.Tinea cruris (jock itch/CRoch) 4.Tinea capitis(scalp fungus) 5.Tinea unguium(nail fungus) |
Tx for dermatophytosis includes | antifunal medications |
Micro-organisms that are not pathogenic are called | normal flora |
E.Coli(Escherichia) in the large bowel produce | vitamin K |
Many viruses are | harmless to humans |
Fungi(plural)(yeast) are needed to make | bread, beer, cheese |
The most effect way to prevent the transmission of pathogens is | proper hand washing |
The number of new cases of a disease in a population is called | incidence |
The number of existing cases of a disease is called | prevalence |
A disease that always occurs at low levels in a population is called an | endemic |
A disease that occurs at high levels in a population is called an | epidemic |
An epidemic that spreads over large areas worldwide is called a | pandemic |
A disease that suddenly occurs in unexpected numbers in a limited area and then subsides is called an | outbreak |
The separation of persons who may or may not be infected from healthy people until the period of infectious risk is passed is called | quarantine |
CDC(P)stands for the | Center for Disease Control Prevention |
The incidence of obesity, cancer, heart disease, and low immune response is associated with | sleep deprivation |