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Lab Values Dysphagia
Lab Values for Dysphagia
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hemocrit (HCT) definition | % of red blood cells in whole blood |
| Hemocrit Decreased Value Indicative of | anemia, overhydration. pt may exhibit SOB, fatigue, tachycardia, musc cramping |
| Hemocrit Increased value indicative of | dehydration, polycythemia (excess RBC) |
| Hemoglobin (HGB) definition | transports oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood |
| Hemoglobin Decreased value indicative of | anemia |
| Hemoglobin Increased % value indicated of | dehydration, poor diet/nutrition, malabsorption, polycythemia (excess RBC) |
| White Blood Count (WBC) definition | lymphocytes and neutrophils. body's defense against infection |
| White Blood Count (WBC) decreased value | =leukopekia=unable to fight infection |
| White Blood Count (WBC) increased value | =leukocytosis= presence of an infection |
| Red Blood Count (RBC) definition | carries oxygen to tissues, transfers carbon dioxide to the lungs |
| Red Blood Count (RBC) decreased value | iron deficiency, b6/b12 /folic acid deficiency, chronic disease, hereditary anemia, toxic metals |
| Red Blood Count (RBC) increased value | chronic respiratory insufficiency, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, living in a higher altitude, adrenal cortical hyperfunction |
| Blood Glucose definition | from digestion of carbohydrates and the conversion of glycogen by the liver, primary source of energy for most cells |
| Blood Glucose decreased level | erratic heartbeat, dizziness, confusion |
| Blood Glucose increased level | nausea, dry/warm skin, excessive thirst, confusion |
| Electrolytes: Sodium definition | maintains osmotic pressure and acid-base balance, functions to transmit nerve impulses |
| Electrolytes: Sodium above OR below normal range | mental status changes, cognitive issues |
| Electrolytes: Potassium definition | maintains osmotic pressure/acid-based balance; involved in nerve/muscle action |
| Electrolytes: Potassium decreased levels | confusion, weakness, arm/leg muscle cramps, cardiac irregularities |
| Electrolytes: Potassium increased levels | nausea, irreg heartbeat, slow pulse |
| Liver Enzymes: Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) (SGOT) definition | enzyme found in liver, kidneys, heart, pancreas, muscles |
| Liver Enzymes: Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) (SGOT) increased levels: | mononucleosis, alcoholism, kidney infection, liver disease, myocardial infarction |
| Liver Enzymes: Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (SGOT) | enzyme found in liver, kidneys, heart, pancreas, muscles (same as alanine..) |
| Liver Enzymes: Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (SGOT) increased levels- | infection, liver disease, myocardial infarction |
| Liver Enzymes: Ammonia definition | when protein is broken down by bacteria in intestines, then liver converts ammonia into urea, then eliminated in urine |
| Liver Enzymes: Ammonia- when do they rise/increased levels= | rise when the liver is not able to convert. Liver disease, may cause encephalopathy, hyper-reflexic muscle action; rigidity |
| Nitrogen elements: Blood Urea Nitrogen BUN definition | product of protein metabolism in the liver and its concentration is determined by the rate of excretion by the kidneys |
| Nitrogen elements: Blood Urea Nitrogen BUN increased levels | kidney damage, certain drugs, low fluid intake, intestinal bleeding, heart failure. pt may exhibit nausea, vomiting, swelling, fatigue, metallic taste |
| Nitrogen elements: Blood Urea Nitrogen BUN decreased levels | due to poor diet, malabsorption, liver damage, low nitrogen intake, pt may exhibit trouble concentrating, dizziness, mid-back pain. |
| Nitrogen elements: Creatinine definition | waste product of muscle metabolism, level reflects the body's muscle mass |
| Nitrogen elements: Creatinine increased level | caused by kidney disease, certain drugs, muscle degeneration |
| Nitrogen elements: Creatinine decreased level | due to kidney damage, protein starvation, liver disease, pregnancy, pt may exhibit decreased concentration and s/s of kidney dysfunction |
| Nitrogent elements: Albumin definition | major component of serum protein, assists in osmotic pressure regulation, nutrient transport, waste removal |
| Nitrogen elements: Albumin increased levels | RARE. typically due to dehydration |
| Nitrogen elements: Albumin decreased levels | indicate poor diet, fever, infection, liver disease, 3rd degree burns, edema |
| Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) definition | analysis used to determine a pt's oxygenation status, acid base balance. for the body to fx normally, pH must be in neutral range |
| ABG too acidic/alkalytic | body's systems are negatively affected, resulting in symptoms like resp distress, dysrhythmias, confusion, headache, muscle spasms. CHANGES RAPIDLY IN MED FRAGILE PTs. |
Created by:
kaskas
on 2012-04-24