click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Developmental franck
Developmental psychology chapter test
Question | Answer |
---|---|
what are reflexes | Movements or involuntary responses initiated by an external stimulus which do not require input from the brain |
what is attachment | According to psychologist Mary Ainsworth, attachment "may be defined as an affectional tie that one person or animal forms between himself and another specific one – a tie that binds them together in space and endures over time. |
What is stranger anxiety | developmental situation in which infants become anxious and fearful around strangers. This usually occurs around 8 months of age and includes outward, fearful behaviors by the child in the presence of stranges, including crying, recoiling, clinging, etc. |
What is separation anxiety | Separation anxiety refers to a developmental stage in which a child experiences anxiety due to separation from the primary care giver (usually the mother). 8-14 months. |
what is imprinting | During this point in development, the birds are so available to form attachments, that even if there is no mother bird, or no bird at all, they may develop attachments to a substitute. |
what is secure vs insecure attachment | |
Authoritarian parenting | set strict standards, punishments, punishment is used more then reinforement for desired behavior |
permissive parenting | no clear guidelines..do not enforce rules. |
Authoritative parents | have set, consistent standards for childrens behavior but standars are reasonable and explained. encourage independence.best parenting |
self esteem. | a person's overall sense of self-worth or personal value. Self-esteem is often seen as a personality trait, which means that it tends to be stable and enduring. |
unconditional positive regard | term used by humanist psychologist Carl Rogers to describe a technique used in his non-directive, client-centered therapy. According to Rogers, unconditional positive regard involves showing complete support and acceptance of a person no matter what. |
assimilation | Through assimilation, we take in new information or experiences and incorporate them into our existing ideas. The process is somewhat subjective, because we tend to modify experience or information somewhat to fit in with our preexisting beliefs. |
accommodation | cognitive process of revising existing cognitive schemas, perceptions, and understanding so that new information can be incorporated |
zygote | After a female egg is fertilized, the resulting one-celled organism becomes known as a zygote. the zygote begins a two-week period of rapid cell division and will eventually become an embryo. |
embryo | about 2 weeks to 2 months after fertilization an embryo. The embryonic stage makes up the majority of the first trimester and is a critical stage for "normal" cognitive and physical development |
fetus | the fetus usually has developed internal organs (e.g., stomach and intestines), which also become functional. Many people believe that it is important to talk to the fetus to help foster attachment, and get the baby used to the sound of the parents voice |
teratogen | A teratogen is anything that can disrupt the development of an embryo or fetus in a pregnant mother's womb. A teratogen may cause a birth defect, malformation, or terminate the pregnancy altogether. |
Habituation | a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations. |
Maturation | process of learning to cope and react in an emotionally appropriate way. It does not necessarily happen along with aging or physical growth, but is a part of growth and development. |
Schema | cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information. Schemas can be useful, because they allow us to take shortcuts in interpreting a vast amount of information. |
Theory of Mind | a specific cognitive ability to understand others as intentional agents, that is, to interpret their minds in terms of theoretical concepts of intentional states such as beliefs and desires. |