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Path Ch 9 Environmen
LECOM Path Ch 9 environment nutritional
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Phase I reactions are | Reduction, Hydrolysis, Oxidation (RHO) |
Air particles are more pathogenic at what size? | Smaller 10um |
Characteristic in acute carbon monoxide poisoning in whites | cherry red skin |
RBCs with basophilic stippling points toward what type of poisoning | lead |
Poor epiphyseal growth with hyperdense cortices on x-ray in child | lead |
Tremor, gingivitis, bizarre behavior | mercury poisoning |
The developing brain is very sensitive to what type of mercury | methyl mercury |
Hyperpigmented skin, hyperkeratosis, numbness, and parasthesias caused by what poison? | arsenic |
Obstructive lung disease due to alveolar macrophage necrosis, kidney damage, and osteoporosis, osteomalacia. Metal causing it? | cadmium |
Benzene leads to | AML |
Polycystic hydrocarbons lead to | lung and bladder cancer |
DDT, PCB, and dioxin do what? | block endocrine receptors |
Vinyl chloride causes what | angiosarcoma of the liver |
MC exogenous cause of human cancers | tobacco |
This can be measured in the blood to measure second hand smoke | continineP Metabolite of ethanol that is toxic |
Is NAD or NADH increased with ethanol break down | NADH |
Increased NADH/NAD ratio in alcoholics causes what acid-base disturbance | lactic acidosis |
HRT causes what | increased breast cancer, hypercoagulable state |
Oral contraceptives cause | thromboembolism, CVD, reduce endometrial and ovarian cancer, Hepatic adenoma |
Anabolic steroids can cause this liver disease | hepatic cholestasis |
50% of acute liver failure in the US is caused by | acetaminophen |
Penetrave vs perforate | you penetrate tissue you perforate when you enter tissue and cause an exit wound |
Burn of just the epidermis | superficial 1st degree |
Burn to the dermis | 2nd degree or partial thickness |
Burns down to subcutaneous tissue | 3rd degree or full thickness |
MCC of infection in burn Pt | pseudomonas aeruginosa |
You stop sweating in heat stroke or exhaustion? | stroke |
Heat stroke is caused by | peripheral vasodialation with venous pooling |
Rhabdo in heat stroke is caused by injury to what? | RYR1 |
What reaches high concentration intracellularly in hypothermia | salts |
Ionizing radiation comes in these 5 forms | x-ray, gamma rays, high-energy neutrons, alpha and beta particles. |
Radiation causes | fibrosis and fibrointimal thickening and arteriolar sclerosis |
You are considered malnourished when your BMI drops below | 16 |
Children are considered malnourished when they drop to what percent below normal | 80% |
What are the two protein compartments in your body | somatic and visceral |
Marasmus effects what protein compartment more | somatic |
Kwashiorkor effects which protein compartment more | visceral |
Serum albumin levels in Marasmus and Kwashiorkor | normal in marasmus drastically depleted in kwashiorkor |
This is seen in the urine of weight losing Pt’s with pancreatic, breast, colon and other cancers | PIF |
This has the highest death rate of any psychiatric disorder | Anorexia nervosa |
Sudden death from anorexia nervosa and bullemia is caused by | cardiac arrhythmias from hypokalemia |
4 Fat soluble vitamins | Vit DEAK |
Pancreatic disturbances cause what type of Vitamin deficiency | fat soluble DEAK |
Night blindness, corneal ulcers, keratinizing metaplasia | Vitamin A deficiency |
HA, vomiting, dizziness, bone pain | Vit. A toxicity |
Rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults | Vit D defic |
Tetany and rachitic rosary | Vit. D def |
Spinocerebellar degeneration | Vit E deficiency |
Hypocoaguable states | Vit K deficiency |
Dry/Wet beri beri, Korsakoff or Wernicke syndromes | B1 thiamine def |
Cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis | B1 def |
Jbleeds and poor healing, bleeding gums, thinned osteoid matrix | Vit c deficiency, scurvey |
2 molecules produced by adipose tissue that make you skinny | leptin and adiponectin |
Only molecule that makes you eat more. What produces it? | Ghrelin; stomach |