click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
MLT Toxicology
Front | Back |
---|---|
What is the purpose for drug monitoring? | ID non-compliance; Ascertain effectiveness of dosage; verify therapeutic range; Maximize therapeutic benefit and minimize adverse toxic reaction |
The body sees drugs, etc as______. | foreign material/toxins |
List the four general processes of metabolism. | Absorption; Distribution; Metabolism; Excretion |
What are the 3 routes toxins/drugs are absorbed? | orally; rectally; parenterally (IV, IM) |
What is a metabolite? | By product of metabolism or digestion |
Which stage in the process of metabolism must the drug traverse the membrane when it reaches the tissue site? | Distribution |
How does the body interpret drugs? | Foreign material |
How are soluble and insoluble drugs excreted from the body? | Soluble drugs are excreted through the kidneys, and insoluble drugs must first be converted to soluble by the liver before it can be excreted by the kidneys. |
Why do neonates have little capacity to eliminate drugs? | immature liver and kidneys |
For children the dose is____the adult dose. | 2x; due to very active drug disposition (metabolism) |
In the elderly drug disposition is________. | Decreased |
Elderly have decreased drug disposition due to: | dec albumin 9carrier protein); dec metabolic rate; effects of disease |
How does pregnancy affect drug disposition? | Hormonal chnages; Increased fluid volume |
How does disease affect drug disposition? | hepatic function; cardiac capacity; renal function |
What is the admin data needed for drug testing? | PT name, SSN, DOB, sex; date and time of colection; date/time of last dose; amt of last dose; name of drug; PT diagnosis; |
Which is most important of the admin data? | Time |
What are the sample requirements in drug testing? | Non hemolyzed serum/ plasma |
What guidelines should you consider on collection? | trough, peak |
prior to dose, drug concentration lowest level | trough |
60 min after dose highest level of concentration | peak |
How do you store drugs? | Centrifuge samples; seperate serum/plasma from cells ASAP; most drugs/metabolites stable several days @ RT |
Detects wide variety of drugs? | TLC |
Better ID of drugs than TLC? | GC |
Further specificity & extreme sensativity. | MS |
Measure drugs simultaneously (slow) | HPLC |
Which methodology uses carrier gas to seperate compounds? | Gas Chromatography |
Which methodology id the method of choice? | EIA--uses enzyme |
Effcective smooth muscle relaxant | theophylline |
Helps to treat asthma & copd | theophylline |
Stimulates CNS, inc resp rate | principle of theophylline |
10-20 ug | Therapeutic range (theophylline) |
70% absorbed orally | Digoxin |
Improves cardiac contractions in CHF | Digoxin |
Reported in ng/ml | Digoxin |
Timing for Digoxin | Collect 8 hrs after dose |
Corrects ventricular arrythmias associated with MI, cardiac surgery, and digitalis intoxication | Lidocaine |
Not given orally | lidocaine |
Toxic > 6.0 ug/ml | Lidocaine |
Treatment and therapy for febrile seizures and neonatal seizures | phenobarbital |
Primary drug in tx of absence (Petit-mal) and myoclonic seizures | Valporic Acid |
Name 2 anti-eppileptics | phenobarbital;valproic acid |
Multirpose antibiotic | Chloramphenicol |
Used to treat certain Rickettsial Infxns | Chloramphenicol |
Given to penicillin allergic PTs w/ bacterial meningitis | Chloramphenicol |
Prevents cell wall synthesis | Vancomycin |
Used aganinst S. Epi and S. Aureus | Vancomycin |
Anibiotic against GPC/GPR | Vancomycin |
Measure amt of NADH | Ethanol |
Reactive Enzyme Assay Methodology | Ethanol |
Salicylate is also known as... | Aspirin |