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68wm6 p2 Tum Dis App
Tumors and Disorders of the Appendages
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is the most conclusive test for cancerous growth? | Biopsy |
Whata re Spider Angiomas? | group of venous capillaries that dilate and branch out like spiders |
What are spider angiomas associated with? | Liver disease |
What is a Nevus? | A congenital, non-vascular skin blemish. Often called birthmarks or moles |
What Nevus is considered precancerous? | A raised black nevus |
How do Basal Cell Carcinomas look, and where do they occur? | Usually scaly in appearance, pearly papule with a central crater and waxy pearly border. Occurs in the epidermis layer. |
How malignant are basal cell carcinomas? | Rarely metastases, but destruction to underlying structures can be extensive |
How do Squamous Cell Carcinoma look, and where do they occur? | Firm, nodular lesion topped with a crust or ulceration and indurated margins. Occurs in the epidermis layer on areas most exposed to the sun |
How malignant are squamous cell carcinomas? | Can metastasize quickly via the lymphatic system |
Where do malignant melanomas occure? | Cancer originates in the melanocytes of the epidermis. Occurs in the dermis and epidermis layers, can occur in the subcutaneous tissue also. |
What are the 'ABCDs' of Melanoma? | *A = Asymmetry *B = Border is irregular *C = Color is varied from one area to another *D = Diameter is generally larger than 6 mm (size of a pencil eraser) |
What is the Tx of choice for well defined tumors without metastasis? | Surgical incision |
Why is radiation therapy NOT indicated for primary melanomas? | they are radioresistant |
What melanoma is radiation therapy indicated in? | metastatic cancer originating from a melanoma |
What are the chemotherapy drugs used in Tx of melanomas? | Cisplatin, Methotrexate, and Dacarbazine |
What is the action of Antineoplastic drugs? | Antineoplastic drugs affect cells that RAPIDLY proliferate by interfering with the cycle of cell reproduction or by destroying the cell |
What normal cells that rapidly proliferate can antineoplastic drugs affect? | *GI *Oral cavity *Marrow *Follicles *Gonads *Lymph tissue |
What S/Sx are the MOST common with antineoplastic drugs? | *N/V/D and Anorexia |
List the adverse effects of antineoplastic drugs: | *N/V/D *Anoraxia *Alopecia *Bone marrow depression *Infection susceptability *Bleeding/Bruising *Malaise thats worse than the malignancy of the cancer |
Why is it important to moniter the weight of a PT on antineoplastic drugs? | Dosage is often based on the patient’s weight |
What precautions must the PT on antineoplastic drugs be placed on? | Reverse Isolation (Protect the PT from infections, not the provider/hospital from PT) |
What is Hypertrichosis (Hirsutism)? | Excessive growth of hair (Imagine wolfman at the circus, or a sasquatch) |
Though the terms Hypertrichosis and Hirsutism are used interchangeably, how do the conditions differ? | Hypertrichosis actually refers to excess hair in areas that are not predominantly androgen dependent. Hirsutism is abnormal facial hair on women/children thats normal on grown men. |
What is Hypotrichosis? | Absence of hair or a decrease in hair growth (like alopecia, but instead of being caused by drugs, it is caused by diseases or disorders) |
What is Paronychia? | A disorder where the nails get soft or brittle and red shiny skin around nail bed. |
What is the treatment of choice for skin malignancies? | Surgical excision |