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Late Effects
Chapt. 36 Questions
Question | Answer |
---|---|
what are late effects of radiation based on | on Stochastic effects |
what are radiation protection guidelines based on | on Stochastic linear, non-threshold dose-response relationships |
how must epidemiologic studies be conducted to study effects of low dose radiation | |
what effect was was caused by high doses in the early practices of radiology that caused callused, cracked and discolored skin on hands and forearms of radiologists | |
what type of stem cells are damaged by radiation | |
how long can effects be delayed in peripheral lymphocytes | |
what responses are damage to circulating lymphocytes early or late | |
low doses of radiation have been proven to cause what? | |
what can be caused as a late effect of irradiation of blood forming organs | |
what is used principally to produce radionuclides for used in nuclear medicine | |
what type of dose response are cataracts | |
What is the life shortening span for every rad | |
what is the life shortening span for radiation workers | |
formula for relative risk observed cases/expected cases | |
what is the theory of radiation hormesis | |
What is the only theory we practice | |
relative risk factor of 1 indicates what | |
relative risk factor of 1.5 indicates what frequency of late response is 50% higher in the irradiated population | |
who/what determines the absolute risk of radiation-induced malignant disease | |
what is stochastic | |
what type of responses are all radiation induced malignancy | |
how have radiation induced malignancy been observed | |
what type of dose response is leukemia | |
what groups have exhibited an elevated incidence of leukemia after radiation exposure | |
where have we accumulated the most info for radiation induced leukemia | |
How much greater was the leukemia incidences for Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors | |
what is the latent period for radiation induced leukemia | |
what is the risk period for radiation induced leukemia 20 years | |
What year was the incidence of leukemia high in radiologist and why 1940; no protection and received doses over 100 rad per year | |
Skin cancer has what type of dose response threshold | |
What is the BEIR Biological effects of Ionizing Radiation | |
What effect does chronic low doses have on fertility | |
the most radiosensitive period in pregnancy | |
what period is of the least concern in pregnancy first 2 weeks | |
cancer is what type of effect of radiation exposure | |
what is the risk for skin cancer | |
what is the latent period for skin cancer |