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Civ 02

Civ Test 2

QuestionAnswer
Movement that began in Western Europe bringing a series of innovations in farm production Agricultural Revolution
Championed the use of iron plows to turn the earth more deeply and of planing wheat by a drill rather than just by casting seeds Tull
instituted crop rotation Townsend
pioneered new methods of animal breeding that produced more and better animals and meat Blakewell
process of land privation and rationalism intended to produce greater commercial profits Emclosures (emclosure movement)
the changes that the spreading use of powered machinery made in society and economics Industrial Revolution
means by which urban merchants obtained their wages (bought raw materials-> gave to peasants who finished product-> distributed to merchants-> bought by consumer) domestic system of textile production
flying shuttle Kay
spinning jetty: spun 16 spindles of thread simultaneously Hargreaves
water frame: water powered device produced a cotton fabric and was suitable for use in factories Arkwright
invented the 1st engine using steam power Newcomen
Scottish engineer experimented with the Newcomen machine and achieved much greater efficiency by separating the condenser from the piston and the cylinder Watt
introduced a new pudding process (a new method for melting and stirring molten ore) Cort
appointed Rene Maupeou died unexpectedly from small pox Louis XV
attempted to regain what he conceived to be popular support restored all the parlements and confirmed their old powers Louis XVI
Swiss banker financial minister Necker
financial minister new tax on land onwers Calonne
Financial minister saught to reform land tax Brienne
allowed nobility to have a direct role in governing the country alongside the monarchy Estates General
members of the commercial and professional middle class (or everyone except the nobility and clergy) Third Estate
list of grievances cahiers
Estates General and the Third Estate joined together to give France a constitution National Assembly
National Assmebly took an oath to sit until they gave France a constitution After this, the monarchy could govern only in cooperation with Assembly Tennis Court Oath
government bonds Assignats
French aristocrats and enemies of teh revolution who fled to countries on France's borders and set up bases for counter-revolutionary activities Emigres
Frederick William I and Leopald I promised to intervene in France to protect the royal family and to preserve the monarchy if the other major European powers agreed Declaration of Pillnitz
the best organized of the political clibs, they embraced the most radical of the Enlightenment's political theories, and they wanted a republic, not a constitutional monarchy Jacobins
believed the war owould preserve the revolution from domestic enemies and bring the most advanced revolutionaties to power Girondists
the execution ordered ny the Paris COmmune of appox. 1200 aristocrats, priests, and common criminals who, because they were being held in city jails, were assumed to be counter-revolutionaries September Massacres
the newlty elected French body 1st act: to declare France a republic-a nation governed by an elected assembly without a king Convention
Parisians and radical Jacobins began the second revolution in France Sans-culotttes
Irish-born writer and British statesman Burke
working class people marched on the Bastille to demand weapons for city's militia Bastille
Bastille (date) July 14, 1789
September Massacres (date) 1972
rumors in French countryside that troops would be sent into the rural districts intensified the peasant disturbances that had begun Great Fear
proclaimed that all men were "born and remained free and equal on rights" Declaration of teh Right of Man and the Citizen
the National Constituent Assembly est a Constitutional monarchy Constitution of 1791
est a basic unit of measurement metric system
transformed the RCC in France into a branch of the secular state Civil Constitution of the Clergy
extreme measures employed by the French government in an effort to protect the revolution Reign of Terror
est to carry out the executive duties of the government Committee of Public Safety
order for total military mobilization of both men and property levee en masse
embodied "republic of virtue" defended by terrot emerged as the dominant figure on the Committee of Publc Safety Robespierre
a recently invernted instrument of efficient and supposedly humane execution Guillotine
tempering of revolutionary terror that led to the est of a new constitutional regime Thermidor/the Thermidorian Reaction
5 person executive body, chosen from a list supplied by the legislature Directory
French Republic September 1792
Created by: brose612
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