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Pharm - Ch. 17
Adrenergic Agonists
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Adrenergic agonists are also called _____ | Sympathomimetics |
Most adrenergic agonists act by ____ activation of adrenergic receptors | Direct |
What are indirect mechanisms of activating adrenergic R? | Promotion of NE release, blockade of NE uptake, inhibition of NE breakdown |
Activation of alpha1 receptors causes | Vasoconstriction and mydriasis |
Alpha1 agonists are used for... | Hemostasis, nasal decongestion, elevation of BP, and adjuncts to local anesthetics |
What are major adverse effects of alpha1 activation? | Hypertension, local necrosis (due to extravasation) |
Drugs activating alpha2 receptors in which NS is used to clinically treat hypertension and severe pain? | CNS |
All clinically relevant responses to beta1 R activation result from activation in ___ | Heart |
What are the effects of beta1 receptor activation in heart? | Inrease HR, force of contraction, conduction through AV node |
Drugs activating beta1 receptors used to treat what? | Heart failure, AV block, cardiac arrest |
What are some adverse effects of beta1 activation? | Tachycardia, dysrhythmias, angina |
Beta2 agonist drugs used to treat ___ and prevent ___ | Asthma and preterm labor |
Main adverse effects of beta2 activation? | Hyperglycemia in diabetics, tremor |
Epinephrine is activates which receptors? | Alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2 |
What drug is used for anaphylactic shock? | Epinephrine. BP elevated through alpha1, beta1, beta2. Bronchodilation. Used to control superficial bleeding, restart heart after cardiac arrest, and delay absorption of local anesthetics |
Epinephrine is administered through which routes? | Topically or by injection |
What kind of drug is destroyed by enzymes before reaching systemic circulation? | Catecholamine such as epinephrine |