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Chapter 44 Potter
Urinary elimination
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Chapter 44 | Urinary Elimination |
Nephron | functional unit of the kidney that forms urine |
proteinuria | presence of large proteins in urine indicative of glomerular injury |
What is the nephron composed of? | glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubeule, loop of Henle, distal tube and collecting duct |
The kidneys are responsible for maintaining normal RBC volume by producing: | erythropoi (functions with bone marrow to stimulate RBC production)etin |
What is the function of renin? | regulation of blood flow in times of renal ischemia (decreased blood supply); works through vasodilation |
micturition | urination |
renal calculus | kidney stone |
reflex bladder | urination occurs reflexively as with spinal cord inj patients |
oliguria | diminished capacity to form urine |
anuria | inability to produce urine |
polyuria | excessive output of urine |
diuresis | ingesting certain fluids that increase output of urine |
urinary diversion | a temporary or permanent surgical formation that bypasses the bladder and urethra, usually a stoma on the abdomin drains urine |
Urinary retention | marked accumulation of urine in the bladder as a result of the inabillity of the bladder to empty |
bacteriuria | bacteria in the urine |
urosepsis | spread of microorganisms into the kidneys and blood stream |
dysuria | pain or burning with urination |
hematuria | blood in the urine |
pyelonephritis | kidney infection characterized by flank pain, tenderness, fever, chills |
urinary incontinence | involunatry loss of urine that is suffucient to be a problem |
ureterostomy | bringing the end of one or both ureters to the abdominal surface |
nephrostomy | placement of tube directlt into the renal pelvis to provide urinary drainage |
nocturia | excessive urination at night |
Urinary frequency is often due to: | muscle tone loss of the bladder and loss of capacity to hold urine |
urethral meatus | visual opening of the urethra |
catheterized patients should drink how much per day? | 2000-2500ml per day |
The normal adult urine output is: | 1500-1600 ml /day |
Renal alterations result from factors that cause injury directly to the gloeruli or renal tubule, interfering with their normal filtering, reabsorptive, and secreetory functions. This is a select cause: | transfusion reactions |
Postrenal alterations result from obstruction to the flow of urine in the urinary collecting system caused by: | blood clots |
The most common nosocomial infections are: | UTI's |
Hospital aquired UTI's are usually r/t porr hand washing and: | improper catheter care |
The urine appears concentrated and cloudy d/t the presence of WBC's or: | bacteria |
Pyridium turns urine what color? | bright orange or rust |
To minimize nocturia, clients should avoid fluids ___ hrs before bedtime. | 2 |
Maintaining a Floey cath. drainage bag in the dependent position prevents: | urinary reflux |
When applying a condom cath. it's important to secure the cath. in the penile shaft in such a manner that the cath is: | snug & secure, but doesn't cause constriction to blood flow |