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chapter 2 vocabulary
microbiology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Bacteria | exists in millions of forms seen differently through microscope. shape distinguishes forms, only a few viarieties of shapes. single gene variation often used |
Binomial system | the naming system for organisms, always includes the organism's genus and species--2 names-genus and species names are written in italics with the first letter of the genus capitalized. |
Biovars | biological variations--strains vary somewhat in biological properties |
Cyanobacteria | Blue-green algae that are actually bacteria--use sunlight to produce carbs and fix nitrogen from the air--no known med. importance--role in the worldwide prod. of o2 as do plants. |
Domain | bacterial kingdom divided into 2 domains--highest level of nomenclature--archaea--bacteria |
Eukaryotes | true nucleus--includes everything except bacteria: humans, flies, snails, birds, fish, seaweed, flowers, trees, protists, algae, molds, yeasts, spiders, frogs, etc. --animals, plants, arthropods |
Nomenclature | The naming and classifying, of microbes (or any other living things) called taxonomy |
Prokaryotes | the two bacterial domains are both called prokayotes (pro-before, kary-nucleus) organism has no nucleus |
Serovars | serological variation--if the organisms differ immunologically |
Strains | One species may include many organisms that vary in just one or a few genes--used to be called strains--now often called biovars--serovars |
Taxonomy | nomenclature of microbes--7 levels of organism taxa--kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species--general to most specific |