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General Science
Test
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Maritime polar (mp) | air masses form over oceans of arctic regions |
SUPER CELL | the most powerful type of thunderstorm |
Freezing Nuclei | microscopic particles which fall below freezing |
Warm Front | When warm air is advancing flattens colder air beneath it |
Cold Front | Boundary when mass of cold air mass into territory covered by mass of warmer air |
SUPER BOLT | most powerful type of lightning |
Stationary Front | when two air masses meet and become stationary, neither displacing the other/ stalemate |
Continental tropical (ct) | air mass form over desert or tropical land area |
Thermal Energy | Heat which comes from the sun |
Front | Boundary between two air masses |
Condensation | Gas molecule which can return to liquid state |
Frontal Lows | Whirlpool of low pressure that may form along stationary front |
TRIESTE | 1st to explore Challenger Deep |
Sublimation | Process when molecule changes into ice crystal |
GUYOTS | unusual flat-topped seamounts that are found alongside conventional seamounts |
Shelf Break | fairly sharp drop-off |
oceanic deep | Any area of sea exceeds 6000 meters in depth |
Trenches | Huge, muddy valleys that cut through portions of the abyssal plains |
Seamounts | Underwater volcanic mountains that rise more than 900 m |
SCUBA | (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus)device that allows oceanographers to breathe underwater |
Submersibles | small research submarine which allows oceanographers to visit regions of sea too deep for scuba |
Oceanographic Buoy | Unmanned floating observation station that automatically takes and transmits data to oceanographers |
Oceanographic research ship | ship equipped to provide a mobile research laboratory and working platform for oceanographers |
Submarine canyons | Large underwater canyon that cuts through continental shelf or continental slope |
Continental Shelf | Sandy, gently, sloping underwater plain bordering the coast of a continent |
Continental Rise | The gently sloping region at the base of continental slopes that stretches away 400's of miles toward abyssal plain |
Continental Slope | Region at edge of continental shelf where the ocean floor slopes fairly steeply downward away from the continent |
Ocean Currents | Large streams of ocean water that flows as unit at or below surface created by winds or differences in density |
Thermocline | boundary is where cold, deep water meets sun-warmed water |
Salinity | Measure of quantity of dissolved solids in a mixture such as seawater |
Meteorologists | Scientists who study weather |
Super Computers | Powerful computers capable of rapidly performing complex calculations |
Cirrostratus | Thin,translucent clouds spread like sheet, are found in upper atmosphere |
Weather Forecasts | Predictions what the weather would be like in the future |
Dew Point | Temperature which water vapor condenses and varies on pressure and humidity of air |
Evaporation | Process which molecule of liquid becomes gas |
CLIMATE | Year-round weather typical of certain place |
Water Vapor | Water in form of gas |
Precipitation | Water or ice falling to earth |
Sleet | Ice pellets form raindrops fall cold air |
Hail | Destructive form of precipitation layered balls of ice |
Updraft | Current of rising air |
Cell | Updraft System |
Dew Point | Temperature which water vapor in air begins to condense, and it varies depending on the pressure and humidity of air |
Air-mass Weather | Same weather conditions prevail form day to next |
Arctic | Air mass which bring cold weather to south and are colder and drier than continental |
Maritime Tropical (mT) | Air masses form over oceans of tropics accompanied by thunderstorms |
Photochemical Smog | Brown haze results from molecules released by cars,buses,factories,etc. |
Air Mass | Body of air with temperature,humidity, and pressure |
Smog | Combination of smoke and fog |
Precipitation Fog | Warm rain falling into cool air |
Upslope Fog | Formed by Moist winds blowing gentle slope |
Advection Fog | Forms over ocean water commonly called sea fog |
Dew | Water vapor condenses below dew point |
Condensation Nuclei | Microscopic particles which are the center(nucleus) of water drops |
Three Factors Causing Weather | 1.Thermal energy 2.Heat distribution 3.Water vapor |
RADIATION FOG | Occurs on clear nights "autumn" |
Fog | Stratus cloud formed at surface of earth |
Cirro cumulus | Puffs of cotton in upper troposphere |
Stratocumulus | Heavy layer of gray clouds "Puffy" |
Lenticular clouds | Form over mountains in pocket of low pressure-where air was forced over mountain begins to descend |
weather | State of atmosphere at time and place |
Cirrus | Clouds float near top of atmosphere |
Stratus | Heavy clouds close to ground, water vapor forms horizontally |
Heat of Condensation | Heat released when gas becomes liquid |
Frost point | temperature where frost forms |
Nimbostratus | Stratus rain clouds |
Cumulus | Clouds resemble piles of cotton |
Nimbus | Clouds produces precipitation |
Uneven Distribution of Heat | 1.Earth's 23.5% tilt of hemisphere 2.Half of earth always in shadow 3.During day land heats faster than water and cools faster at night |
Barometer | Measures air pressure |
hydrometer | measures relative humidity |
Relative Humidity | Percentage of amount of moisture in air compared to maximum amount hold under same conditions |
anemometer | measures wind speed |
Wind Vane | measures direction of wind |
Oceanography | Study of the seas and oceans |
Hydrostatic Pressure | Water pressure |
Heat of Vaporization | Energy gained by molecules and can be measured by calories per gram(540 calories per gram) |
Storm Surge | Combination of low-pressure bulge, wind- pushed water levels, and waves produce elevated water levels |
Isotherms | Line on weather map connecting places of equal temperature |
RADAR | (Radio detection and ranging) uses radio waves to detect objects and measure distance |
Sounding Rockets | Small,inexpensive rockets launch small payloads to altitude of few dozen miles |
Station Model | Conditions at each weather are presented in grouping of numbers and symbols |
Radiosonds | Instruments measure and transmit meteorological data form balloons to weather stations below |
Rain Bands | Lines of thunderstorms at lower altitudes range form 50 to 300 miles long |
Eye Wall | Cylinder of thick whirling clouds and rain surround eye of hurricane |
EYE | center of hurricane region of low pressure few miles wide, which storm rotates(counterclockwise=N hemisphere, clockwise=S hemisphere |
Steps of Hurricane | 1.Tropical disturbance 2.Tropical depression 3.Tropical storm 4.Hurricane |
Return Stroke | Brilliant stream of electricity after the stepped leader and positive stream meet a few hundred feet above the ground |
Stepped Leader | Stream of electrons going down to the ground |
Squall Lines | Thunderstorms occur in small groups or in long lines |
DOWN BURSTS | Blasts of cool wind blow downward |
THUNDER | Shock wave air lightning expands |
Single-cell Thunderstorm | One cell or updraft system |
Rain Gauge | Open cylindrical glass jar with ruler on side |
Lightning | Discharge of static electricity |
Meteorology | The study of weather and atmospheric conditions |
Frost point | Temperature where frost forms |
Occluded fronts | Type of front occurs when cold air mass slides under warm air mass and lifts it off ground |
Challenger Deep | Deepest known point of sea 10,911= nearly 7 miles |
Tornado | Narrow funnel of powerful,rapidly, whirling winds |
Rosette | Cluster of insulated bottles that are opened and closed at predetermined depths as the device is lowered into the water |
Piston Corer | device used to bring back narrow columns or cores of floor sediments as much as 25 meters(80)ft long |
abyssal plain | broad,flat plains of the deep,ocean floor |
Oceanic ridges | series of undersea mountain ranges that encircles the earth |
Mid-Atlantic Ridge | oceanic ridge that extends down the middle of the Atlantic oceans |
ocean basins | The deep depressions in earth's surface that contain the oceans |
Neap tides | Weaker-than-normal tides |
Spring tides | tide that is higher than normal at high tide and is lower than normal at low tide, occurs at new moon and full moon |
Tides | most regular and predictable movements of water in oceans |
Tsunamis | gigantic waves formed by underwater earthquake, underwater volcano, or an undersea landslide |
Rip Currents | dangerous surface currents which carry large volumes of water back to the sea through channels between incoming breakers |
longshore current | current of water,produced by waves, that flows parallel to a beach |
Undertow | current which may wash sand from beneath feet of swimmers |
Waves | Rhythmic back-and-forth motions of water that transfer energy through the water |
Ocean swells | Gently,rolling waves that may appear even during calm weather |
Breaker | Wave in process of toppling over as it nears shore |
Surf | Pounding mass of foaming water produced when a wave breaks |
Counter current | ocean current that flows in opposite direction of a surface current, either beside it or beneath it |
Upwelling | mass of cool, deep water that comes to the surface as result of prevailing land breeze blows surface water away from a coast |
Turbidity Current | Type of density current formed when seawater mixes with silt or mud and flows down undersea slopes |
Density Current | Subsurface current caused by density differences |
Peru Current | Cold current flows northward along western(Pacific)coast of South America |
Gulf Stream | Large,warm surface current that flows northeast across the Atlantic |
Icebergs | Huge chunks of ice broken off from glaciers |
Ice shelf | outer edge of a glacier floating over the surface of the ocean |
Glacier | Thick sheet of ice on land that flows under its own weight |
Sea ice | Ice that forms when seawater freezes |
Sodium Chloride | Ordinary table salt |
Isobars | Curved lines of equal pressure |
Weather satellite | automated package of instruments and sensors that orbits the earth, records, and analyzes weather conditions below and transmits data to meteorologists |
Knot | nautical mile per hour;equal to 11/7 mph |
Hurricanes | giant ,whirling storms accompanied by destructive winds of 74 to 100 mph torrential rains and high waves and tides |
Dust devil | Relatively, harmless cousin of tornado, can pick up a small child or dog and can knock over a adult, but not very strong |
Waterspout | type of tornado forms over water |
Development of thunderstorm | 1.updraft stage 2.cumulus stage 3.mature stage 4.dissipating stage |
snowflakes | clump of ice crystals that falls as snow |
Freezing rain | Dangerous type of precipitation that freezes when it hits the ground |
Drizzle | mist |
Water Cycle | movement of water from sea into air and back again into the sea |
Continental Tropical(CT) | dry air mass forms over cold land areas such as Northern Canada or Alaska, bringing cold,dry weather |
Cumulonimbus | Thunderclouds |