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Merrills Ch 10 pt 1
Thoracic Viscera- pt 1 of 2
Question | Answer |
---|---|
general shape of the human body | body habitus |
number of types of body habitus | 4 |
organ that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity | diaphragm |
The ________ ______ is bounded by the walls of the ______ and extends from the superior ________ aperture to the inferior ________ aperture. | thoracic cavity; thorax; thoracic; thoracic |
The thoracic cavity contains the _____ and _____; organs of the ___________, cardiovascular & lymphatic systems; the ________ portion of the esophagus; and the thymus _____. | lungs; heart; respiratory; inferior; gland |
number of chambers within the thoracic cavity | 3 |
The ___________ separates the right and left pleural cavities. | mediastinum |
shiny, slippery & delicate lining of thoracic cavity chambers | serous membranes |
Chambers within thoracic cavity: ___________ cavity, right and left _______ cavities. | pericardial; pleural |
The respiratory system consists of the pharynx, _______, bronchi, and 2 _____. | trachea; lungs |
a fibrous, muscular tube with 16-20 C-shaped cartilaginous rings; located anterior to the esophagus | trachea |
superior level of trachea | C6 |
inferior level of trachea | T4- T5 |
hooklike process where the trachea bifurcates into the primary bronchi | carina |
1 bronchi | bronchus |
the primary bronchus that is shorter, wider & more vertical | right primary bronchus |
refers to the extensive branching of the trachea | bronchial tree |
number of secondary bronchi in right lung | 3 |
number of secondary bronchi in left lung | 2 |
bifurcation of secondary bronchi | tertiary bronchi |
bifurcation of tertiary bronchi | bronchioles |
final bifurcation trachea; minute tubes | terminal bronchioles |
located at distal terminal bronchioles | alveolar ducts |
located at end of alveolar ducts | alveolar sacs |
lining of walls of alveolar sacs | alveoli |
exchanged by diffusion within alveoli | oxygen and carbon dioxide |
a light, spongy, highly elastic substance that composes the lungs | parenchyma |
organs of respiration | lungs |
composes external layer or covering of lungs | serous membrane |
superior lung; reaches above the level of the clavicles into the root of the neck | apex |
inferior lung; broad; borders with diaphragm | base |
the shorter lung; due to location of liver | right |
the broader lung; due to position of heart | right |
deep recesses of the parietal pleura | costophrenic angle |
depression in mediastinal surface that accommodates the bronchi, pulmonary blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves | hilum |
concavity of left lung along inferior mediastinum that conforms to the shape of the heart | cardiac notch |
double-walled, serous membrane sac that encloses each lung | pleura |
outer layer of pleural sac | parietal pleura |
inner layer of pleural sac | visceral pleura |
the space between the pleural walls | pleural cavity |
Function of serous fluid | prevents friction between lungs during respiration |
divide each lung into lobes | fissures |
number of lobes in left lung | 2 |
number of lobes in right lung | 3 |
lung without a horizontal fissure or middle lobe | left lung |
portion of the left lung that corresponds in position to the right middle lobe; a tongue-shaped process on the anteromedial border of the left lung that fills the space between the chest wall and the heart | lingula |
upper and anterior lobes | superior lobes |
division of the lobes of the lungs | bronchopulmonary segments |
subdivision, or further division of lobes of the lungs; the anatomic unit of lung structure; consists of a terminal bronchiole with its expanded alveolar duct and alveolar sac | primary lobules |
the part of the digestive canal that connects the pharynx with the stomach | esophagus |
primary control organ of the lymphatic system | thymus gland |
hormone produced by the thymus gland | thymosin |
When the ______ is enlarged in infants and young children, it can cause respiratory disturbances. | thymus |
preferred position for ♡ & lung radiography | upright |
gas or air in the pleural cavity | pneumothorax |
absence of air | atelectasis |
Reasons for inspiration & expiration radiographs: | demonstrate pneumothorax, movement of diaphragm, foreign body, and atelectasis |
most common projection; used in all ♡ & lung exams | PA chest |
SID used to minimize ♡ magnification & to obtain ↑ recorded detail of the lung | 72" (183 cm) |