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pathology resp/cardi

respiratory and cardiovascular

QuestionAnswer
what type of tube is inserted for a hemothorax cvp (central venous pressure)
what is hypercapnia inability to move air in and out of lungs
classification of cystic fibrosis genetic defect
radiographic appearance of hyaline membrane disease severe atelectasis with air bronchogram sign, characterized by bronchi surrounded by nonacrated alveoli
most common lethal genetic disease among caucasian children cystic fibrosis
most common bacterial pneumonia pneumococcal
type of pneumonia caused by influenza staphylococcal
type of pneumonia that can mimic radiographic appearance of TB mycoplasma
primary method of diagnosing pulmonary TB chest x ray
what is empyema accumulation of pus in pleural cavity
what is emphysema increase in air space distal to terminal bronchioles with destruction of alveolar walls
most frequent type of lung infection pneumonia
what is pleurisy inflammation of the pleura with exadation into plural cavity and its surface
common causes of respiratory failure obstructd airway, insufficient respiratory drive, respiratory muscle fatique, intriasic lung disease, dysfunction of cns
what is miliary TB bloodstream picks up Tb and largest of bacteria are carried thru the bloodstream
most common pathologies associated with COPD chronic bronchitis, emphysema
predominant risk factor for COPD cigarettes
radiographic appearance of emphysema depressed and flattened diaphragm, radiolucent lungs, increased air space (barrel shaped)
primary types of pneumoconiosis silicosis (oldest; quartz dust, miners), anthracosis (black lung), asbestosis
what type of fungal infection is common for the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys histopiasmosis
coin lesion solitary radiopaque lung nodule, second most common radiographic presentation
prognosis for pt dx with bronchogenic carcinomas 5 year survival rate of only 12% to 14% of those diagnosed
most common cause of pulmonary embolism (DVT) thrombus originates in lower extremity that migrates to lungs and becomes lodged rusultin in blood supply obstruction
initial test for pulmonary embolus pulminary angiograms, nuclear profusion and ventalation lung scans and CT(timesaving and cost effetive
common thrombolytic agents used for myocardial infarctions streptokinasc, anistreplate, alteplase reteplase must be administered within 3 hours of onset
cardiac pathology responsible for more than 30% of all annual deaths in US and single most in males and females CAD
most common cause of chronic heart valve disease rheumatic fever
which valve is damaged when superior vena cava is enlarged along with rt. atrium and ventricle tricuspid
radiographic appearance of left sided CHF heart enlarged and hilar region of lungs congested with increased vascular markings
what is PTA percutaneous transluminal angioplasy- open vessel for stent placement
most widely performed procedure in nuclear cardiology myocardial perfusion scan
what study in nuclear cardiology evaluates ventricular function gated cardiac blood pool scan ( radionucle ventriculogram)
what is angiography procedure performed to evaluate cartiovascular disease. can be use for therapeutic and diagnostic
chamber of heart that houses SA node (pacemaker of heart) upper portion of rt atrium near superior vena cave
what is QRS displays electrical inpulses thru ventricles
what is the thickest layer of the heart myocardium
different types and common sites of aneurysms sacccular- one side of arterial wall; fusiform-enire circumference of vessel wall found in distal abdomen; dissecting- intima tears and allows blood to flow within vessel wall
tetralogy of fallot classified as a cyanotic heart defect because the condition causes low oxygen levels in the blood that usually includes a combination of 4 defects: pulmonary stenosis, ventricle septal defects, overiding aorta, hypertrophy of right ventricle
largest chamber of the heart left ventricle
what is patent ductus arteriosus abnormal persistence of an open ductus arteriosus after birth, resulting in recirculation of arterial blood thru the lungs
radiographic appearance of coarctation of the aorta two bulges of the aorta are demonstrated in the aortic arch region, one superior to and one inferior to the stenosis; rib notching- well defined bony erosions along the lower rib margins as a result of the enlargement of anastomotic vessels
indications for pt who are at risk for developing DVT skin color, swelling, pain, warmth and tenderness in one leg
what is an acute thrombus of the coronary arteries called myocardial infarction (MI)
vessels not commonly affected by atherosclerosis femoral arteries
most prevalent diease in humans, especially in the US atherosclerosis
most common congenital heart defect atrial septal defects
radiographic appearance of transposition of great vessels cxr narrow mediastinum because vessels are superiposed and main ulmunary trunk not in usual location; pulmonary congestion is visible in the lung fields
how is cardiomegaly diagnosed on PA CXR enlarged heart
geometric factors that affect PA CXR inspiration, position, sid
why are CXR done upright permit deep inspiration, prevent engorgement of heart and great vessels and alllows diaphragm to be at lowest level
how does the rt ventricle lie with respect to the cardiac shadow, rt atrium and lt ventricle midline to cardiac shadow and anterior to rt atrium and lt ventricle
what is the pulmonary circulation responsble for transports blood between heart and lungs for exchange of blood gases
what is visceral and parietal pleura visceral adheres to lung tissue parietal lines thoracic cavity
what paranasal sinuses are present at birth maxillary and ethmoid
to decrease pt dose in cxr which technical factor can be increased kvp
anatomic structures of the mediastinum evertything except lungs; heart , thyroid and thymus glands, nervous and lymphatic tissue
most common complaint from radiologists when reading CXR poor exposure techniques
chest projection/position that demonstrates pectus excavatum lateral view
chest projection/position that demonstrates TB apical lordotic
anatomic structure that is the "sail sign" radiographically thymus gland
what occurs when there has been a disruption in the esophogus or airway and air is trapped in the mediastinum mediastinal emphysema
modality preferred for imaging pulmonary adenopathy CT
vitamin deficiency in infants by hyaline membrane disease surfactant
reasons for swan-ganz catheter placement diagnosis and management of heart failure resulting from myocardial infraction and cardiogenic shock
upper respiratory system consists of nose, mouth , pharynx and larynx
lower respiratory system consists of trachea, bronchi, alveoli and lungs
thoracic cavity consists of pleural cavities, parietal pleura and visceral pleura
anterior mediastinum consist of thyroid and thymus glands
middle mediastinum consists of heart and great vessels, esophagus and trachea
posterior mediastinum consists of decending aorta and spine
bony thorax consists of ribs, sternum and thoracic vertebrae
paranasal sinuses consist of frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillry
to decrease pt dose how do you adjust techniques for CR and DR increase kvp
to decrease pt dose how do you adjust techniques for film screen increase mas
what type of tube is inserted into pt trachea to manage airway ET endotracheal tube
what type of tube is inserted into chest wall between ribs allowing for drainage of air or fluid chest tube
what catheter is open to ouside of body with tip placed in SVC hickman catheter
what is a port a cath placed just under the skin just below the clavicle and are not open to the outside
what is hypoxemia low oxygen levels with arterial blood
What is the primary measurement for diagnosing respiratory failure and severity of failure arterial blood gases (ABGs)
what is the name of the skin test used to diagnose TB mantoux test
what is pneumoconioses occupational lung diseases
occlusions purposely put into veins and arteries embolizations
abnormal connection between arteries and veins AV malformation
what is TIPS transjugular intrahepatic portosystmic stent connects the jugular vein to portal vein in cases of severe cirrhosisi
typical adult heartbeat 72 beats per minute
how many liters does the adult typically pump per minute 5.5 L
endocardium smooth inside ling of heart
myocardium middle and thickest layer of hert wall
pericardium fibrous sac that encloses or surrounds the heart
septum partition dividing the heart into rt and lt sides
upper chambers of the heart right and left atrium
lower chambers of the heart right and left ventricle
atrioventricular valves permit blood to flow in only one direction
tricupid valve between right atrium and right ventricle
bicuspid (mitral between left atrium and left ventricle
semilumar valves separate the ventricles for the great vessels leaving the heart
pulmonary valve between the rt ventricle and pulmonary arery
aortic valve seperates the aorta for the lt ventricle
systole ventricles contract and force blood into the arteries
diastole ventricles relax and the blood flows in from the atria
SA Node pacemaker of heart locatd in the rt atrial wall near the SVC opening
AV Node located on the rt lower portion of the atrium and receives the SA impulse
Created by: subee61
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