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Animal Sci Vocab
Vocabulary
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Natural | Any ingredient that is derived exceptionally from plant, animal, or mined sources |
Beef Tallow | Solid fat made by rendering fat from cattle |
Fat | A source of essential fatty acids and highly concentrated source of calories |
Palatability | Degree of readiness for an animal to consume food |
Animal Digest | Very palatable product derived from enzymatic digestion of clean, undecomposed animal tissues into smaller molecules |
AAFCO | Association of American Feed Control Officials |
FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
Kibble | Dry dog/cat food |
Less than 12% moisture Lowest palatability | Dry dog/cat food |
Semi-moist dog/cat food | 25-35% moisture Medium palatability |
75% moisture Highest palatability | Wet dog/cat food |
Low digestibility means... | More POOP! |
Nutrition | The study of the food needs of the body |
Amino Acids | Building blocks of protein; any of several organic compounds and carboxyl groups and occurring naturally in plants and animals |
Intestinal Mucosa | Mucous membrane lining the intestine |
Bioavailable | The ability of a nutrient, drug, or other substance to be absorbed and used by the body |
Energy Density | Number of calories provided by a given weight or volume of pet food |
USDA | United States Department of Agriculture |
Additives | Substances added to food, including preservatives, colorings, and flavorings |
Preservatives | Substances added to foods to destroy or inhibit microbial growth and slow decay, discoloration, or spoilage under normal conditions of use or storage |
Rancidity | Decomposition of fats and oils that produces off odors and flavors and destroys fat-soluble vitamins |
Striated Muscle | Striped looking muscle due to alternating light and dark bands |
Viscera | All organs in thoracic and abdominal cavities |
Meat and Bone Meal | Rendered product from mammalian tissue, including bone, without Added blood, hair, hooves, hide trimmings, manure, and stomach/rumen contents |
Rendered | Processed using low heat to separate fat from bone and protein while simultaneously drying the material |
Hydrolysis | Complex materials are broken down into simpler ones by adding water |
Non-rendered | Products that have not been precessed |
Essential Fatty Acids | Fatty acids that cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by the diet |
Fiber | Portion of ingested foods that resists digestion in the gastrointestinal tract |
Calories | Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water from 14.5 Celsius to 15.5 C; Energy |
Digesta | Gastrointestinal tract contents undergoing digestion |
Ad Libitum | Free choice feeding |
Kilocalorie | 1,000 calories |
Metabolizable Energy | Amount of energy in a food available for body's use |
Dry Matter Basis | Method of expressing a food's nutrient content on a moisture-free basis |
Digestibility | Proportion of nutrients in food available for absorption from the GI tract |
Nutrient Density | Concentration of nutrients per fixed portion of food |
Malnutrition | Abnormal nutrition; Caused by a diet that contains too much or too little essential nutrients |
Nutrient | Any food component the body requires to support life |
Mouth | Teeth grasp, tear, and grind food into small pieces; tongue positions food for swallowing |
Esophagus | Transports food from mouth to stomach |
Stomach | Provides food storage; very acidic environment; moves food to small intestine |
Pepsinogen | Enzyme precursor secreted by the chief cells in the stomach |
Hydrochloric Acid | HCl; normal part of gastric juice in cats and dogs |
Pepsin | Protein-degrading enzyme that is activated from pepsinogen in the stomach; the principal digestive component of gastric juice |
Mucus | complex, gel-like substance secreted by specific cells or mucous glands; acts as a protective barrier and lubricant |
Small Intestine | Mixes ingested food with bile and digestive enzymes; absorbs nutrients; less acidic than stomach |
Bile | Clear yellow, orange, or green fluid produced by the liver; helps break down fats and rid the body of wastes |
Brush Border | Area on the free surface of an epithelial cell that is covered with microvilli |
Microvilli | Fingerlike projections that increase cell's exposed surface area to maximize intestinal absorption |
Large Intestine | Site of microbial fermentation of digested food; absorbs water and electrolytes; moves waste to rectum and anus defecation |
Microbial Fementation *** | Anaerobic enzymatic conversion of some carbs to simpler compounds by microorganisms in the large intestine of cats and dogs *** |